【作者】 张华；

【导师】 周成超；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 公共卫生硕士（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 研究背景全面二孩政策提出后,人们特别是女性群体的生育意愿是否发生了变化,已引起广泛关注。有研究指出影响女性生育数量的因素很多,女性个体层面的年龄、职业、文化程度、户籍,家庭层面的婚姻状况、兄弟姐妹数量以及社会政策都影响着女性对生育数量的选择。护士这个以女性为主导的职业,因其工作性质、工作对象、工作环境的特殊性,较其他职业女性更值得关注。目前,国、内外涉及生育政策的研究较多,各国学者对部分群体的生育观有大量的研究,但是迄今为止,国、内外还未发现对女护士这一群体生育意愿的调查研究。因此,本研究主要通过对在全面二孩政策下蚌埠市某三甲医院已生育一孩女护士二孩生育意愿的基本状况了解,分析女护士生育意愿主要影响因素,为护理管理者对护理人才储备、优化人员结构等提供一些建议。研究目的本研究具体目的如下:(1)了解蚌埠市某三甲医院已生育一孩女护士二孩生育意愿的基本状况及其影响生育意愿的主要因素:(2)针对愿意生育二孩女护士群体,了解女护士对于二孩生育时间间隔和期望生育性别的选择及其主要影响因素;(3)依据二孩生育意愿状况和影响因素,为护理管理者提供护理人员结构管理的新思路。资料与方法本研究通过文献调研法对女性生育二孩意愿及其影响因素的相关文献进行梳理,结合全面二孩政策的背景和蚌埠市某三甲医院女性护士的具体情况,设计了调查问卷。采用分层抽样的方法对全面二孩背景下蚌埠市某三甲医院已生育一孩女护士二孩的生育意愿进行了调查,共发放调查问卷600份,收回有效问卷575份,有效回收率为95.83%。本研究采用EpiData软件录入数据,建立数据库。采用SPSS19.0软件进行描述统计、卡方检验、以及logistic回归分析。结果1.共有406人表示愿意生育二孩,占总人数的70.6%。2.单因素分析结果显示年龄较大者(χ2= 162.267,P<0.001)、高中及以下文化程度(χc2=13.515,P= 0.001)、高收入者(χ2 =17.248,P= 0.001)、农业户口者(χ2=76.730,<0.001)、非临床岗位护士(χ2=13.258,P<0.001)、职称较高者(χ2=77.292,P<0.001)、有职务者(χc2=26.874,P<0.001)生育二孩意愿率较高。3.多因素logistic回归分析结果表明只有个人月收入和户口性质是生育意愿的主要影响因素。4.分析一般人口学特征与二孩之间生育时间间隔的关系,单因素分析和多因素有序logistic回归分析结果均显示户口性质是影响二孩与一孩间隔的主要因素,农业户口女护士在选择二孩与一孩时间间隔上较非农业户口短。5.对于一孩已生育男孩的女护士,月收入是影响期望生育二孩性别的主要因素,其中高收入者期望生育男孩。结论1.全面二孩政策下,某三甲医院已生育一孩女护士大多数有二孩生育意愿。2.护士生育二孩意愿主要受个人月收入和户口性质影响。3.大多数调查对象生育时间间隔选择较为理性。4.具有农业户口的调查对象在选择生育二孩与一孩时间间隔上较非农业户口短。5.对于一孩已生育男孩的女护士来说,高收入者期望二孩仍生育男孩。6.大多数调查对象对二孩无性别偏好,符合现代生育观。更多还原

【Abstract】 BackgroundThere was widespread concern about whether or not women’s reproductive intentions were altered after the universal two-child policy was proposed.Factors that affect women’s reproductive intentions include age,profession,educational level,census register,marital status,social policy and so on.Compared to other professions,reproductive intentions of nurses should to be concerned because of they are mostly women.There is less research on the reproductive intentions of the nurses regardless inside and outside China.This study investigated the basic situation of reproductive intentions of female nurses with one child in one grade 3 first-class hospital in Bengbu under Universal Two-Child Policy.By analyzing the female nurses’reproductive intentions and their factors this study provides some suggestions on the reserve of nursing personnel and the optimization of personnel structure for nursing managers.PurposesThe purposes of this study includes that:(1)to understand the basic situation of female nurses’ second child reproductive intention in one grade 3 first-class hospital in Bengbu;(2)to understand the basic situation about time intervals for births of respondents the gender preferences and their influencing factors for the female nurses of willing to the second child;(3)to provide new ideas for structure management of nursing staff for managers based on the evidence of reproductive intention and its influencing factors.Materials and MethodsThis study sorts out the literatures that involve the female reproductive intention and its influence factors by means of literature review method,and designs a questionnaire based on the background of the universal two-child policy and the specific situation of female nurses in one grade 3 first-class hospital in Bengbu.Using stratified random sampling method to investigate the female nurses’ reproductive intention 600 questionnaires are issued and 575 valid questionnaires are collected.The effective rate is 95.83%.This study inputs data by EpiData software and describes the statistics,Chi-square test,and logistics regression analysis by SPSS 19.0.ResultsTotally,406 female nurses showed the willing to the second child,accounting for 70.6%.Univariate analysis suggested higher rate of reproductive intention for respondents with older age(χ2= 162.267,P<0.001),high school and below education(χ2=13.515,P = 0.001),higher month income(χ2= 7.248,P = 0.001),rural household register(χ2 =76.730,P<0.001),non-clinical nurses(χ2 ＝13.258,P<0.001),senior professional title(χ2 =77.292,P<0.001),administrative post(χc2=26.874,P<0.001).Multivariate analysis showed that only personal month income and household registration type were the influencing factors of reproductive intention.When analyzed the relation between demographic characteristics and time intervals for births,both univariate and multivariate ordinary logistic regression indicated that household register types had statistically significant effects on the time intervals for births.Time intervals for births of respondents who have rural household registers are shorter than those who have non-rural household registers.Monthly income is the mainly affecting factor in gender preferences of the second child for respondents who have a boy already.Conclusions(1)Mostly female nurses are willing to the second child in one grade 3 first-class hospital under Universal Two-Child Policy(2)The female reproductive intention is mainly infected by personal month income and household registration type(3)Mostly respondents in the choice of time intervals for births are rational.(4)Time intervals for births of respondents who have rural household registers are shorter than those who have non-rural household registers.(5)For respondents who have a boy already high-income of those expect a boy as their second child.(6)Mostly respondents in the choice of gender preferences of the second child accord with modern conception of fertility.更多还原