【作者】 张军；

【导师】 王伟；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 公共卫生硕士（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 传染病在国际间的普遍传播与流行以及新发传染病的不断涌现已经成为全世界密切关心的公共卫生问题。因为有国家与国家、地域与地域之间的频繁交流,冲破了疾病爆发流行的生态地域限制,为传染病及其媒介生物的传播提供了更加方便的条件。而其传播的重要途径之一则是通过交通工具,萝北港作为黑龙江沿江九对口岸中除黑河外,距离最近的口岸,传染病防控工作及其重要。目的:本文通过对2016年05月至2017年04月萝北口岸入出境交通工具卫生状况检查及管理档案等资料进行整理分析,掌握萝北口岸入出境交通工具管理基本情况及交通工具卫生状况,有针对性的提出萝北口岸入出境交通工具卫生监督管理的对策,为口岸卫生监督管理提供科学依据。方法:本文通过查阅交通工具档案及《入出境客、货车辆卫生监督评价表》、《入出境船舶卫生监督评定表》等资料,运用统计学方法对萝北口岸交通工具卫生监督人员情况、交通工具企业备案情况、交通工具卫生证件办理情况、入出境交通工具卫生状况等进行分析,有针对性的提出萝北口岸入出境交通工具卫生监督管理的对策,为口岸卫生监督管理提供科学依据。结果:(1)通过查阅有关档案发现,卫生监督人员存在着年轻人无职称的现象,交通工具企业备案材料不全,存在卫生证书签发规范不明确问题,《入出境交通工具卫生证书签发规范》(SN/T 1342-2009)标准中未对普通客车和货车的交通工具卫生证书签发作出规定,导致无法明确客车和货车的交通工具卫生证书签发要求(2)不同国籍船舶在入出境前后卫生均为无差别,总体卫生状况良好。中国籍或俄罗斯籍客车在入出境前后卫生状况差别不大,入出境时中国籍客车的卫生状况要明显好于俄罗斯籍客车。中国籍货车在入出境前后卫生状况差别不大,出境俄罗斯籍货车的卫生状况要好于入境时。入境时,中国籍货车的卫生状况要好于俄罗斯籍货车。(3)在环境卫生方面,中国籍客车或俄罗斯籍客车在入出境前后没有差别。在垃圾处理方面,中国籍客车要好于俄罗斯籍客车。中国籍或俄罗斯籍货车在车体卫生方面,入境均好于出境。中国籍货车的环境卫生在入境时要好于俄罗斯籍货车,出境时卫生状况差别不大。(4)所有车辆均未发现鼠患、蚊、蝇、蜚蠊。在器械、药品方面,中国籍或俄罗斯籍客车在入出境前后差别不大,中国籍货车在入出境前后差别不大,俄罗斯籍货车在入境时的卫生状况要比中国籍货车差,当出境时就差别不大。(5)所有的车辆员工均有交通工具证明书。在垃圾、污物处理记录方面,中国籍及俄罗斯籍客车在入出境前后差别不大,但是中国籍客车要好于俄罗斯籍客车。俄罗斯籍货车在出境时要好于入境时,出境时中俄差别不大,入境时中国籍要好于俄罗斯籍。针对以上结果,提出以下建议,以加强萝北口岸入出境交通工具卫生管理,促进管理工作不断改进:(1)完善企业备案,证书签发规范;(2)加强培训及考核,提高卫生监督整体水平;(3)提高监管力度,规范垃圾处理工作;(4)加强媒生物监测,完善器械药械;(5)加大宣传力度,提高卫生知识知晓度结论:(1)萝北口岸交通工具企业备案材料不全;(2)《入出境交通工具卫生证书签发规范》(SN/T 1342-2009)标准中未对普通客车和货车的交通工具卫生证书签发作出规定,存在卫生证书签发规范不明确问题;(3)在交通工具卫生状况方面,船舶卫生卫生总体良好,不同国籍船舶在入出境前后卫生均为无差别;(4)中国籍或俄罗斯籍货车在车体卫生方面,入境均好于出境;(5)俄罗斯籍客车及货车卫生及垃圾处理方面有待加强,急救和消毒药品及器械药械有待改进,相关记录需完善;更多还原

【Abstract】 Common infectious disease spreads and popular in the world.New infectious diseases continue to emerge has become a close concern problem.Because of frequent exchanges between countries,and regions,to break the regional ecological epidemic disease outbreaks limit.It provides more convenient conditions to spread infectious diseases and vectors,,so the transportation has become an important way to spread infectious diseases,Luobei port as the nine ports along the Yangtze River in Heilongjiang to the nearest except Heihe port,so it is important to prevention and control of infectious diseases Object:This paper describes the port of entry and exit transportation of Luobei in health inspection and management archives data analysis form 05,2016 to 04,2017 ports of entry and exit transportation management basic situation and transportation health situation,it targeted the ports of entry and exit of Luobei Countermeasures of health supervision and management of transportation,it provides scientific basis for health supervision and management of the port.Method:Through transport files and "entry and exit off truck health supervision and Evaluation Table,ship health supervision assessment form data entry and exit,using statistical methods to analysis Luobei port transport health supervision personnel,transportation enterprises filing conditions,transport documents for health situation inbound and outbound transportation health status,proposes the Luobei ports of entry and exit Countermeasures of health supervision and management of the vehicles,and provide a scientific basis for health supervision and management of the port.Result:(1)Through access to the files that the health supervision staff there young people without titles phenomenon,transport enterprise archival materials is not complete,there are health certificate issued by the standard is not clear,"issued by the specification of entry and exit vehicle health certificate(SN/T 1342-2009)standard is not on ordinary passenger cars and trucks transport health certificate issued by the provisions issued by the requirements is not clear cause of car and truck transport health certificate.(2)Different vessels in entry and exit before and after health are no difference in overall good health.China nationals or Russian coach little difference in health status before and after the entry and exit,entry and exit when the health status of bus China nationality is significantly better than the Russian passenger car.Chinese Ji truck a little difference in health status before and after the entry,exit of Russia the health status is better than by truck entry.Entry,China Ji truck health is better than the Russian truck.(3)In environmental hygiene,bus China Russian nationals or bus no difference in entry and exit.In terms of waste disposal,Chinese national passenger bus.Chinese truck is better than the Russian nationals or Russian trucks in body health,are better than the entry exit.From China environmental sanitation truck at the time of entry is better than the Russian the truck,exit health status difference.(4)Rats,mosquitoes,flies,cockroaches were not found in all vehicles.In the equipment,drugs,Chinese nationals or Russian passenger cars in little difference before and after the entry and exit,there was no significant difference in the Chinese truck before and after the entry and exit of health status at the time of entry of the Russian truck than Chinese truck,when when they exit there is little difference.(5)All employees have certificate of transport vehicles.In the garbage,sewage treatment records,China nationality and Russian coach have little difference in before and after the entry and exit,but China’s national passenger bus is better than the Russian national passenger bus.Russian trucks in the country better than the entry,exit and entry is better than the Chinese nationality Russian nationals.In view of the above results,the following suggestions are put forward to strengthen the sanitary management of inbound and outbound vehicles in Luobei port,and to promote continuous improvement of management::(1)improve the enterprise record,certificate issued by the specification;(2)strengthen the training and assessment,improve the overall level of health supervision;(3)improve the supervision,regulate the work of waste disposal;(4)strengthen media biological monitoring,improve equipment machinery(5)to intensify propaganda,improve health knowledge awareness.Conclusion:(1)Luobei port transport enterprise archival materials insufficiency;(2)"issued by Entry-Exit transportation specification of health certificate(SN/T 1342-2009)standard is not on ordinary passenger and freight transportation health certificate issued by the provisions of health certificate issued by the specification is not clear;(3)In trafficfacilities health conditions,the ship health is generally good,different ships in entry and exit before and after are no difference;(4)Chinese nationals or Russian trucks in the truck body health are better in the entry exit;(5)The Russian passenger’s car and truck sanitation and waste disposal should be enhanced.First aid and disinfection drugs and devices,equipment need to be improved,the relevant records need to be improved;更多还原