【作者】 张伟；

【导师】 孙姝；

【作者基本信息】 南京航空航天大学 ， 载运工具运用工程， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 作为世界公认的高精端行业,航空航天的发展一直备受关注,并且带动着许多附属行业快速发展。材料是快速发展的当代社会的物质基础,新型材料的研究制造技术对现代工业至关重要,各行各业都需要材料这一物质基础的支撑。复合材料通常由有机高分子、无机非金属或金属等几种不同材料通过复合工艺组合而成的新型材料,从而获得优越性能。航空航天始终对材料性能非常重视,所以其通常最先在上面应用和实验复合材料。作为一种新型材料,相对于传统的金属材料,新型复合材料的损伤、检测、修理以及适航审定都需要继续完善。复合材料的损伤检测发展到现在,无损检测占据了重要的一部分,这种检测方法不会对材料本身造成伤害,因而成为了飞机复合材料结构的重要检测手段。发展至现在,对复合材料的损伤机理研究也已了一定深度,相对成熟的无损检测方法也已经有数十种,但是每种方法都有其局限性。敲击检测作为一种新型的快速无损检测方法,在外场应用检测方便,但是由于敲击检测技术本身设备升级改进较慢、数据处理和流程方法的不成体系,所以没有得到广泛应用。本文首先分析了典型民机复合材料的种类及损伤类型,深入探究了复合材料粘接层合板的损伤起始和拓展,然后研究比较常见复合材料的无损检测方法,最后详细介绍敲击检测原理,并针对实际使用时可能对其检测结果造成影响敲击设备参数进行调整,并进行有限元分析模拟敲击检测结果,最后进行试验验证。针对数字敲击检测的应用,本文主要研究探索了以下三方面问题。第一,研究了民机复合材料在役飞机上容易产生的损伤的损伤机理,即对层合板层间分层损伤进行渐进损伤分析;第二,分析影响检测结果的敲击检测设备参数,使用有限元分析模拟参数变化对检测结果准确性的影响,对敲击检测数据处理用到的聚类算法进行算法评估;第三,研究维修后的复合材料的适航审定流程。针对第二个问题的解决方案,本文在第四章进行了验证,并确定了方案的有效性。针对本文的研究成果,不仅可为敲击检测技术在民机复合材料的设计、生产与使用维护提供参考,扩大其应用范围,并为复合材料的损伤修复提供理论借鉴,也为开展维修后适航审定工作的部分具体技术提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 As the world recognized that the development of aerospace always receives much concern,and drive any other affiliate industry develop rapidly.Material is the basis of the rapid expansion of contemporary society,the technology of research-manufactory to new new materials is crucial to modern industry,all walks of life need the support of the materials.Composite material is usual composed of several different mayerials like organic polymer,inorganic nonmetal or metal through compound technology combinating to be one new materials,and in the end the mater ial acquisite high performance.material property is always attaching great importance to aerospace,so the new composite is always the first applied and test on it.as new material,compared with tradition metal material,the routine of damage detecting,repair and the judgement of airworthiness are all watting to be supplemented and improved.With the development of the technique of damage detecting for composite material,NDT(nondestructive testing)takes up major part of that,this detection method will do no harm to the material itself,as a result it become into an importment detection means for the reliability and integrity of the composite.Develop up to now,the damage mechanism for composite has also developed into a certain depth,although there are dozens of relative mature NDT for composite,every method has its boundedness.coin-tap test as a new pattern of quick NDT,it is quiet convenient to be used out-field,but it did not get widespread used because of the equipment for coin-tap test need upgrade and improvement,the data processing and the process approach are not immethodical.This paper firstly analyze the kind and types of damage of the composite that used in civil aircraft,the research go deep into the damage initiation and development,research and compare several different NDT,and introduce the principle of coin-tap test,then adjust several equipment parameter that may influence the result of coin-tap test,simulate the result of coin-tap test by finite element analys is,finally operate exper imental ver ification.This paper mainly solved the three problems.First,this paper research the problem damage mechanism of the composite that used in civil aircraft,use anlysis progressive damage in laminated plates delamination damage,assessment the clustering algor ithm that used in the data precessing,;secondly research the factor that influence the result of coin-tap test by finite element analysis;thirdly research the technological process of airworthiness certification.Contrapose at problem 2,chapter four verify that the factor that influence the result are right.Research achievements of this paper,on the one hand,this research can provide a reference for coin-tap test’s using in the design,manufacture and serve of typical composite,enlarge it’s applied range,offer theory absorption for the damage repair of composite,on the other hand,,it can also provide a reference for carrying out part concrete technology of airworthiness certification after maintenance.更多还原