【作者】 王伟；

【导师】 何小祥； 杨阳；

【作者基本信息】 南京航空航天大学 ， 电磁场与微波技术， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 大角度扫描相控阵能够在更大的探索空域为制导、识别和跟踪等提供了更多及时有效的信息,无论在现今的军用和民用方面都有着很大的应用前景,因此对相控阵天线大角度扫描技术的研究有着重要且深远的意义。基于相控阵基本扫描原理和阵列方向图乘积定理,本文以矩形微带单元为阵元,从阵列和单元两方面研究如何扩大阵列的扫描范围。主要研究成果如下:首先,本文从阵列角度出发,通过缩小阵列单元间距和改变阵列结构以扩大阵列扫描范围。仿真和测试结果表明:在考虑阵列互耦的情况下,仅通过缩小单元间距能够将平面阵的扫描范围扩大14°;在保证单元间距一致的情况下,曲面阵的扫描范围比平面阵扩大了14°,二段面阵扩大了12°,三段面阵则扩大了34°。其次,本文从单元角度入手,首次将加载金属柱激励高次模辐射和三维地板反射这两种扩大单元波束宽度的方法应用到扩大阵列扫描范围中。仿真和测试结果表明加载金属柱阵列的扫描范围可以达到±76°,三维地板结构阵列能够扫描至±81°,验证了这两种方法对扩大阵列扫描范围的作用。最后,本文采用新型的可重构技术,分别基于辐射单元与寄生单元相邻边电流反相的原理和电场开路处强辐射的原理,通过改变单元辐射贴片和寄生贴片结构的方法,设计了两款方向图可重构天线单元。仿真结果表明由这两单元组成的阵列分别能够扫描至±72°和±78°,验证了方向图可重构技术在扩大阵列扫描范围的作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wide-angle scanning phased array can provide more timely and effective information for guidance,recognition and tracking system in a larger exploration airspace,which shows a bright prospect in both military and civil applications.Thus,it is significant to study how to widen the scanning range of phased array.Based on the scanning principle and the pattern multiplication theory,the methods to widen scanning range from aspects of the array and the element are studied in this thesis.The main research results are shown as follows:Firstly,the scanning range of phased array is expanded by reducing the element spacing and changing the array’s structure.The simulation and experiment results show that under the condition of considering the array mutual coupling,the scanning range of planar array can be expanded by 14° only due to narrowing element spacing;the scanning range of curved array is 14° wider than that of the planar array,the range of the 2-faceted array is 12° wider and the range of the 3-faceted array is 34° wider.Secondly,the two methods of expanding beam width of the microstrip element by using the high order modes radiation and the three-dimensional ground reflection are firstly applied to widening scanning range.The simulation and experiment results show that the scanning range of the array with copper cylinder around is up to ±76°,and the array mounted on three-dimensional ground can steer its main beam from-81° to +81°,which has proved that the two methods have a great effect on widening the scanning range.Finally,this thesis adopts reconfigurable technology to widen scanning range by changing the structure of the radiation patch and the parasitic patch.Two kinds of pattern reconfigurable antennas are proposed in this thesis,and the simulation results show that the scanning ranges of the two designed arrays are ± 72° and ± 78° respectively,which has verified the effects of pattern reconfigurable technology in expanding the scanning range.更多还原