【作者】 刘丹；

【导师】 李潘武；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 技术经济及管理， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 多年来,随着建筑市场的不断扩大,越来越多的综合实力强劲的竞争者们使得现今的国内外建筑工程承包市场的竞争形势日趋激烈。在这一大环境下,不占据工程合同签订主导地位的承包人为了争取更多的工程施工权,往往必须被动接受风险分摊上天然有利于发包人的固定价格合同。由于固定价格合同一般不进行工程价格调整,并且承包人在投标竞争时常常已经采取了“低价让利”的方式来获得工程,一旦工程风险发生承包人往往无力承担,却又因合同约定的限制无法顺利索赔,导致承包人利益极大损失,与发包人发生索赔纠纷难以避免。所以,做好承包人合同索赔风险的控制,通过适当的合同约定决策来尽力避免索赔纠纷的发生,可以更好地保障承包人的利益不受损失。本文首先对固定价格合同的存在使用现状和使用固定价格合同的工程中存在的索赔风险因素进行了梳理分析,同时总结了我国固定价格合同索赔中存在的问题和难点,得出结论:固定价格合同在工程中使用广泛,但其潜在索赔风险因素多、索赔过程困难导致了承包人利益受损频发。继而本文提出了这一困境的解决方式:在固定价格合同签订时,利用模型对合同中潜在的风险因素量化计算,明确主要风险,然后通过约定合理的“风险幅度”这一方式来尽力避免合同索赔纠纷的发生。而后,通过建立复杂条件层析分析模型,创新性地对工程中潜在风险的影响权重进行了量化,帮助承包人明确风险控制的目标和优先级,指导承包人有针对性的进行合同约定决策。同时,结合实际案例阐述了复杂条件层次分析模型在工程实践中的应用。最后,为承包人提出了签订固定价格合同时控制合同索赔风险的相应建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the construction market continues to expand,more and more competitors who have strong comprehensive strength make the current domestic and international construction contracting market competition is becoming increasingly fierce over past years.Under such circumstances,contractors who do not occupy the leading position of the contracting process often have to passively accept the fixed-price contracts which are naturally beneficial to the employer in risk allocation in order to get more construction projects.As fixed-price contracts are generally not subject to project price adjustments,and the contractors in the bidding competition have often taken a "low profit" to get the project.Once the project risks occur,it is often hard for contractors to bear.And due to the contract restrictions,claims cannot be obtained,the contractors’ profits suffered a great loss,so the occurrence of claims disputes with employer is difficult to avoid.Therefore,by controlling the contractors risk properly in contract claims,and taking use of appropriate contract decisions,the occurrence of claims disputes could be avoided,and the interests of contractors could be better protected.First of all,this thesis analyzes the current situation of the use of fixed-price contracts and the risk factors in the fixed-price contract,it also summarizes the problems and difficulties on fixed price contract claim.The conclusion is that the fixed price contract is widely applied in projects,but due to great amount of potential claims risk factors and difficulty in claim process,the contractor’s interests are damaged frequently.Then this thesis proposes a way to solve this dilemma: when signing a fixed-price contract,contractors can use the model to calculate the potential risk factors in the contra ct,identify what is the main risk,then try to avoid the occurrence of contract claims disputes through making a reasonable "risk range".After that,this thesis establishes a Complex conditional-Analytical hierarchy process model,which can quantify the impact weight of the potential risk in construction contract,to help the contractors to identify the risk control target and their priority,and instructs the contractors to make a contractual decision.Meanwhile,this thesis described the application of Complex conditional Analytical hierarchy process model in engineering practice.Finally,this thesis puts forward some suggestions for the contractors to control the contract risk when signing-off a fixed-price contract.更多还原