【作者】 张媛；

【导师】 李建峰；

【作者基本信息】 长安大学 ， 技术经济及管理， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 在当前社会环境越来越严峻的情况下,人们面临着资源枯竭、土地荒漠化、气候变暖等严重威胁,因此改变现有的经济发展及社会变化方式,是解决生态失衡的焦点。低碳建筑在这种大背景下诞生,带来的不仅是建筑理念和建造方式的变革,更是人们生活理念或生活方式的转化,形成了建立资源节约型、环境友好型社会,实现可持续发展路线的长久方针。然而在材料、设计以及建造方式的转变过程中,成本的增加使得低碳建筑在我国发展受到一定的制约,尤其对于人们日常居住的住宅,高成本使消费者将之与奢侈品画上等号,低碳住宅开发商也背离了“低碳环保”的初衷。因此,本文从全生命周期的角度出发,将增量成本分为四方面进行量化,并将增量效益统一度量,建立包含增量成本效益模型,使人们能够看到其隐形效益。首先,本文通过对国内外研究现状进行总结,了解前人对低碳建筑的研究程度,对低碳住宅概念进行界定,再从全生命角度出发,将低碳住宅增量成本分为四个方面,分别为碳排放与碳交易、低碳技术与设备、运营管理及拆除回收期,探讨与普通住宅相比产生的增量指标构成。另一方面,从后续效益出发,将低碳住宅增量效益分为经济效益(直接效益)、环境效益及社会效益(间接效益),低碳住宅的经济效益主要通过节水、节地、节能、节材所带来使用成本的节省来体现,例如:节能通过电费的节省来考量。低碳住宅的环境效益主要通过使用过程中碳排放的减少转化成标准煤的价值,用标准煤的成本作为衡量标准。低碳住宅的社会效益则通过工作效率的提升所增加的时间或者相关社会费用的节省来衡量,并根据相关理论及工程经验提出了量化计算规则。其次,在前文基础上,论文创新性的提出低碳住宅的增量成本及效益的价值工程理论,将产生的价值与使用功能的比值作为衡量低碳住宅增量成本与效益的相关性,并同时基于价值工程理论运用熵权法及数据包络分析法(DEA)的混合模型对多项目的低碳住宅价值功能比选做出评价,提供构建低碳住宅增量成本与效益评价体系的方法。最后,通过西咸新区及国内低碳住宅经典案例进行验证,分析该项目低碳住宅的增量成本构成,研究关键低碳技术所带来的效益,并结合实际情况,计算多项目增量成本及效益,确定项目的经济可行性,确定本文中的低碳住宅增量成本-效益评价方法可行,可为低碳住宅项目的评价提供一定的数据支持。并根据前文所判定的相关性,提出政府对应的激励机制体系建议,促进低碳住宅的进一步推广。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the more and more severe social environment situation,people are suffering from resource depletion,desertification,global warming.Now,the most important point to keep the ecological balance is to solve the problems between social-economic and environment.Thus,Low-carbon building comes into being which takes us not only the change of the concept and method of architecture,but also the change of our lifestyle,Making it comes true to build a resource-economical and environment-friendly society as well as form a sustainable development strategy.However,Low-carbon building is constrained by increasing cost of material,design and construction way.Especially the house is equal with luxury for high cost by consumer,and low carbon residential developers also deviated from original intention of "low carbon environmental protection".Therefore,the article divide incremental cost into four parts from the perspective of the whole life cycle,measuring incremental benefit uniformly,modeling incremental cost-effectiveness of low-carbon building including carbon emissions to make people to see their invisible benefits.Firstly,This article summarizes the current situation and development trend to know the research degree of low-carbon building and combine with my own opinion to divide the incremental cost of low-carbon building into four parts,there are carbon emission trading,low carbon technology and equipment,operation management and payback period of removing,the incremental index of compared with average house.on the other hand,Starting from the view of subsequent benefits,the low carbon residential incremental benefits could be divided into economic benefits(direct beneficial),environmental benefits and social benefits(indirect beneficial),The economic benefits of low carbon building mainly by cost savings of water,land,energy and material.For example,looking at the energy conservation through the savings of electricity.The environmental benefits of low-carbon building is emerging by the standard coal cost as a measure from the conversion to the value of standard coal through the reduction of carbon emissions,The social benefits of low-carbon building is measured by the time increase of work efficiency improvement or the saving of related social costs,as well as according to the relevant theory and engineering experience to put forward the quantitative calculation rules.Secondly,based on the previous chapter,the theory of value engineering incremental costs and benefits of low-carbon building is brought forward in this article to define the correlation between low-carbon building incremental costs and benefits by the ratio of value and function.As well as evaluating the value function of low-carbon building based on value engineering theory,using the model of entropy weight method and and data envelopment analysis(DEA)to get the method of incremental costs and benefits.Finally,According to the validation of XI XIAN NEW AREA low-carbon building project,analyzing the incremental cost of the project,studying benefits brought by low carbon technology,based on actual conditions to calculate incremental costs and benefits,determine the economic feasibility of low-carbon building incremental cost-benefit evaluation method,as well as providing data support of this project.On the basis of relevance i mentioned before,giving some suggestion for the government about incentive systems,providing a theoretical basis of further promotion of low-carbon building.更多还原