【作者】 刘悦；

【导师】 王友善；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 工程力学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 轮胎对车辆的安全性和舒适性有很大影响,轮胎结构设计是决定轮胎性能的主要因素,因此轮胎设计一直是研究的重点。近年来,随着计算机技术和数值仿真技术的发展,将有限元方法运用在轮胎结构的优化中成为研究的热点。早期的研究主要关注斜交轮胎,对子午线轮胎的研究较少,也没有很好地将理论与实际应用相结合,且运用传统有限元对轮胎进行设计和优化轮胎需要大量时间和资源,效率很低。因此,本文将运用近似模型与有限元计算结果相结合的方式研究子午线轮胎的优化方法,提高计算效率。在众多性能中选取轮胎耐久性为例作为设计目标,优化轮胎结构并研究轮胎结构的稳健性优化方法。首先,建立并验证子午线轮胎有限元分析模型。通过实验测试轮胎各部位胶料模量和胎面摩擦系数,采用实验室开发的TYABAS 3.0轮胎专用分析软件建立轮胎有限元模型,进行充气、静载及稳态滚动分析;通过对比仿真与实验所得的轮胎轮廓、接地印痕和径向刚度,验证了有限元模型的准确性,为后续优化分析做准备。其次,以轮胎耐久性为主要考量,确定了胎面耐磨性和胎肩耐疲劳性能两个目标函数,建立轮胎优化模型。针对胎面和胎肩结构,以接地面内摩擦功密度分布均方根作为胎面耐磨性能表征参数,以胎肩应变能密度幅值作为胎肩耐疲劳能指标。将胎面橡胶模量、胎肩橡胶模量及带束层角度作为设计变量,采用试验设计方法,考察其对胎面耐磨性能及胎肩耐疲劳性能的影响;通过敏度分析确定设计变量对优化目标的影响程度。然后,建立设计变量与优化目标之间的近似关系,并寻找最优解。运用近似模型方法,拟合了设计变量和两个优化目标之间的关系;在近似拟合的基础上,比较了存档微遗传算法、邻域培植多目标遗传算法、第二代非劣排序遗传算法三种优化算法在设计空间内寻找兼顾胎面耐磨性和胎肩耐疲劳性的最优解的能力;优化方案较初始设计方案的胎面和胎肩耐久性能均提升超过20%。最后,进行轮胎稳健性优化。考虑轮胎结构参数和工况条件的不确定性,运用6 Sigma质量设计对轮胎进行可靠性质量分析和不确定性优化,寻找在复杂条件下仍能保证轮胎最优性能的结构设计方案,并将稳健性优化与确定性优化对比,证明了不确定性优化的优越性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Tire performance plays a decisive role in the safety and comfort of the vehicle,and tire structure is of vital importance.Therefore the design of tire structure has been the focus of attention,and the optimization of tire as well,in recent years,has become a hot spot in the industry.However early study mainly focused on bias tire,few on radial tire,also,there was not a good combination of theory and practical application.In addition,traditional finite element optimization requires a great deal of time and resources.This paper will study the optimization of tire durability,taking tread,shoulderwedge and belts angle into consideration,combining the approximate model with the finite element calculation results.Robust design w ill be developed too.Firstly,the finite element analys is model of tire is established and testified.After the tests of tire rubber modulus and tread friction coefficien,a inflatable tire model,static load and steady rolling analys is are done with LABS TYABAS 3.0 tire special finite element analysis software.By comparing the simulation and experiment of tire profile,ground ing mark and radial stiffness,the accuracy of the finite element model is validated,ready for further optimization analysis.Secondly,tire optimazation modle is obtained.According to some vital factors of tire durability,tread wear resistance and resistance to fatigue on shoulder are chosen to be optimization targets.According to tread and tire shoulder structure,friction power density distribution is set as tread wear resistance characterization parameters and strain energy density amplitude as a tire shoulder fatigue resistance index.With the help of DO E,the modulus of tread,shoulder wedge and the angle of belts are chosen to be design variables.Through sensit ivity analysis the influence degree of the design variables of the optimization goal is revealed.Next,the approximate relationship is established between design variables and the optimization goal,and the optimal solut ion is found.Using the approximation model methods,function relation between design variables and the optimization goal is obtained.O n the basis of the approximate model,compares the archive for genetic algorithm,the neighborhood cultivating mult i-objective genetic algorithm,and the second generation of the three bad sorting genetic algorithm optimization algorithm in the design space to find both tread wear resistance and fatigue resistance tire shoulder the ability of the optimal solut ion.Optimization compared to the initial design has better performance of tire shoulder by more than 20%.Finally,the tyre robustness optimization is conducted.Considering the uncertainty of the tire structure parameters and working conditions,six Sigma quality reliability design is used to analyse tire quality and uncertainty,searching the tire structure design which can still guarantee the optima l performance under complex condit ion.Compared to the result of certain optimization design obtained by 6 Sigma method is more reliable.更多还原