【作者】 张璐；

【导师】 孙飞凤；

【作者基本信息】 华侨大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 近三十年来,礼貌和不礼貌现象日渐成为语用学研究的关注热点。虚假礼貌是介于两者之间的一个模糊概念,但却未能引起语用学界的广泛关注和重视。现有对虚假礼貌的研究主要聚焦于虚假礼貌的实现方式(李成团、冉永平,2014)和构成结构(Taylor,2015),对其与身份的关系及其语用功能鲜有阐述。本研究中,虚假礼貌指既遵循至少一条礼貌原则准则,又对听话人产生面子威胁行为的话语。研究收集了中国电视剧《乡村爱情》中的85例虚假礼貌会话作为研究语料,结合语用身份的动态选择(陈新仁,2013a)与不礼貌回应策略(Culpeper et al.,2003),聚焦虚假礼貌的身份建构研究,对其身份建构的类别、话语实践及语用功能进行分析。本研究尝试回答以下四个问题:(1)虚假礼貌中,发话者建构了何种语用身份?(2)虚假礼貌的身份建构中,话语实践是如何体现的?(3)虚假礼貌中的身份建构具有何种语用功能?(4)听话者如何回应虚假礼貌中的身份建构?研究发现,虚假礼貌中:(1)按照出现频率,发话者依次建构了夸赞者、移情者、建议者、客气者、致谢者、低等者、亲密者七种语用身份;(2)发话者通过称呼语、语法选择和词汇选择来建构相关身份。称呼语中,除了普遍使用第二人称“你”,发话者更倾向于使用对方名和头衔去建构语用身份;语法选择中,除去陈述句的大量使用,反问句更多被用来建构身份,尤其是移情者身份。对比起特殊疑问句,发话者更倾向于使用一般疑问句建构赞赏者、建议者和客气者身份;词汇选择中,发话者均采用积极词汇来实现虚假礼貌;(3)发话者分别实现了胁迫功能、娱乐功能、传递负面情绪功能、避免直接冲突功能四种语用功能;(4)听话者更倾向于对虚假礼貌中的身份建构给出反对或接受的回应,而不是保持沉默。研究还发现,特定的语用身份与回应策略之间并没有对应关系。本研究不仅丰富了虚假礼貌的相关研究,增强了身份建构理论的阐释力。另外,本研究有利于交际者了解身份在言语产出和理解中的作用,更好地促进人际交流。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the recent 30 years,both politeness and impoliteness have become prominent subjects in pragmatics.However,as one of the vague concepts between them,mock politeness has not received enough attention.The previous studies mainly focus on the realizations(Li and Ran,2014)and structures(Taylor,2015)of mock politeness.There are limited studies that pay attention to its relationship with identities and pragmatic functions.Mock politeness in this study occurs when the speaker’s utterance(s)make(s)Face Threatening Acts(FTAs)to the hearer even though the utterance(s)obey(s)at least one maxim of Politeness Principle(PP).Collecting 85 cases of mock politeness from Chinese television series Xiang Cun Ai Qing as the data and based on the theoretical framework combining Dynamic Choice of Pragmatic Identity(Chen,2013a)and A Summary of Response Options(Culpeper et al.,2003),the study focuses on the identity construction in mock politeness,making analyses on the types of the pragmatic identities,discursive practices and pragmatic identities of mock politeness.This study manages to answer the following four questions:(1)What types of pragmatic identities do the speakers construct in mock politeness?(2)What kinds of discursive practices will the speakers use to construct a specific pragmatic identity in mock politeness?(3)What are the pragmatic functions of identity construction in mock politeness? And(4)what are the hearers’ responses to identity construction in mock politeness?This study finds that(1)the speakers construct seven pragmatic identities in mock politeness,namely the identities of a laudator,a considerate person,an adviser,a courteous person,a thanksgiver,an inferior and an intimate person in order of the occurring frequency in the data;(2)there are three main discursive practices,which are address form,grammar selection and word selection.In address form,“you” is the most common one.Besides,the speaker is likely to use the hearer’s first name and title to construct identities to achieve mock politeness.In grammar selection,exceptdeclarative sentences,the speaker prefers to use rhetorical questions in mock politeness especially when he or she constructs the identity of a considerate person.Compared with special questions,the speaker prefers general questions when he or she constructs the identities of a laudator,an adviser and a courteous person.In word selection,the speaker will adopt positive words to construct various identities;(3)identity construction in mock politeness has four pragmatic functions,including coercive function,entertaining function,the functions of venting the negative emotion and avoiding the direct conflict;and(4)compared with keeping silent,the hearer intends to make use of countering and accepting rsponses to identity construction in mock politeness.In addition,it seems that there is no corresponding relationship between specific pragmatic identities and specific response strategies.Not only does this study enrich the studies on mock politeness,but also strengthens the explanatory power and operability of identity construction theory as well as further verifies the thought of pragmatic identity.Besides,the study can help communicators to understand the functions of identities better in communication,which is expected to promote interpersonal communication.更多还原