【作者】 张丹；

【导师】 李方元；

【作者基本信息】 西南大学 ， 音乐与舞蹈学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 唐代是我国艺术文化发展的黄金时期,随着大批遣唐使的东渡,大量音乐文化传入日本,至今仍对日本音乐产生着深远影响。日本雅乐是日本古典音乐中最重要的音乐体裁,意指中文“雅正之乐”。狭义上指由亚洲大陆传入日本的音乐,经改革后分为以唐乐为中心的左方乐及以三韩乐为中心的右方乐。奈良时代日本大规模接收唐代音乐文化,进入平安时代后,日本迎来国风化时代。仁明天皇时期的乐制改革正是国风文化运动在音乐上的体现,自此,日本宫廷雅乐正式诞生。在此次乐制改革中,日本雅乐中使用的乐器、乐师的构成主体、选择的乐曲、演奏的空间与场合都发生了不小的变化,综合起来考虑,其实是一个文化史上的一系列变革。整个过程与日本当时的国风运动并行,并成为在继承大陆的基础上逐渐明确日本文化自身特性的一个过程。本论文的研究目的主要是对平安朝初期的雅乐改革做一个完整且细致的描述,以期对后人的研究提供更详细的资料。本文研究以10世纪前日本原始资料为依据,其内容主要分为以下三个部分:首先,对日本雅乐的历史沿革做整体性的梳理,对奈良朝至平安朝的日本雅乐以时间为线索进行描述。按照日本雅乐受外来音乐的影响情况分为飞鸟时代末期到奈良时代、平安时代初期两大方面,再根据时代的变化及日本雅乐的发展情况做细致的分类。其次,结合历史事实,以类别为标准,分析奈良朝至平安朝的日本雅乐在乐队分类、演出形式、演出场合、乐师数量及构成、音调音阶、乐器、乐曲等多方面的变化。接下来是从变化中总结平安朝初期日本雅乐改革的方式、规律与特点,将雅乐改革与平安朝最主要的文化思潮“国风运动”结合,并行加以讨论。最后,探讨雅乐改革的原因,得出日本平安朝初期雅乐改革是后世日本国风文化在音乐上的先声这一结论。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Tang dynasty is known as the golden age for developing Chinese art and culture.With a large number of ancient Tang art and music culture being introduced to Japan,it has exerted a profound impact on Japanese music,which can still be found today.Japanese gagaku,the imperial court music and dance,is the most important music genre within the classical music of Japan,referring to the "standard music" in Chinese.In a narrow sense,it refers to the music introduced from the Asian mainland to Japan,further divided into left focus on Tang music and right focus centered on san kan gaka.In the Nara era,Japan largely received music culture of the Tang dynasty.After entering the Heian era,Japan welcomed the arrival of the era of national custom culture.In the period of RenMing emperor,music system reforming is the embodiment of the cultural movement regarding the music,since then,Japanese royal refined music has been born formally.In the reform of music system,the instruments used in the Japanese gagaku,the constitution of musicians,music selections as well as the played space and occasions have changed a lot,which considered its cultural history.The buildup of cultural music was a key in creating Japanese nationalism and also a point of differentiation from mainland Asia in feudal Japan.This thesis aims to describe the gagaku reform in the initial stage of the Heian age and to provide more detailed information for future studies.Based on original data of Japan before the 10 th century,the content is mainly divided into three parts: First,the evolution of gagaku,describing it from the Nara era to Heian era.Meanwhile,the standards of Japanese gagaku are described with historical fact from the Nara era to Heian era,including band classification,form of performance,modal tonality,musical instruments,music,performance and the musicians.Then combining the subtle evolution Japanese gagaku within the two periods,ways,rules and characteristics of gagaku reform during the initial stage of Heian era.Finally from aspects of society,culture and music,the cause and the effect of gagaku reform in the initial stage of Heian age are discussed,historical position and value of the gagaku reform.更多还原