【作者】 李衡；

【导师】 彭兴黔；

【作者基本信息】 华侨大学 ， 土木工程， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 福建省处于我国东南沿海,与台湾省隔海相望,历史上曾发生多次强震和大震,属于地震多发区。在村镇地区还有许多生土建筑正在服役,而土楼就是其中的代表。虽然土楼整体结构布置比较合理,也有一些抗震保护措施。但由于土楼年代久远,常年遭受风雨侵蚀,以及施工技术的局限性,现有土楼的抗震性能值得严重的怀疑。为了更好的保护土楼,我们必须了解土楼的抗震性能以及破坏模式,对土楼薄弱点进行及时的加固处理,避免地震造成土楼的严重破坏。同时,土楼的特殊结构形式对我们研究结构抗震也有重要的启发。本论文就是以此为背景展开,以振动台试验为基础,并运用有限元软件ABAQUS,对土楼土与木这种独特结构形式的工作机理、力学特性和破坏模式进行了研究。(1)通过对福建土楼多次的实地考察,选择具有代表性的圆型土楼“如升楼”和方形土楼“庆福楼”作为振动台的试验原型。分别将EL Centro波、Kobe波以及上海波作为输入模型底部的地震波形。测量了不同地震激励、不同地震波形作用下台面、墙体中部、墙体上部以及顶部的速度、加速度和位移响应。分析了结构的自振周期、动力响应及破坏模式。并运用有限元软件ABAQUS对试验模型进行模拟,与试验结果进行校核,以此来验证有限元软件模拟的可行性。(2)土楼是一种土与木的组合结构,通过ABAQUS软件建立实际模型,选用EL Centro波作为输入地震波,对土楼实际模型进行模拟,通过改变地震波加速度大小,对实际土楼的动力特性、破坏形态进行分析,研究土楼整体结构的抗震性能。并还考虑了另外两种因素,外墙门窗洞口数量以及地震波种类对土楼整体结构的抗震性能影响。(3)在现实生活中,土楼内部木结构是由榫卯节点搭接而成,这种节点既不是常见的刚节点,也不是普通的铰节点,而属于一种半刚性节点。在地震荷载作用下,节点之间会存在一定的摩擦滑移,这种现象有可能会影响结构的抗震性能。因此本文还通过ABAQUS软件建立了土楼的缩尺模型,在缩尺模型内部加入木结构,用于比较土楼模型在节点固结和节点存在摩擦滑移两种不同的情况下,抗震性能有何差异,进一步研究节点摩擦滑移对结构的抗震性能有何影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Fujian province,located in the southeast coast of China,facing Taiwan province across the sea,belongs to the earthquake-prone areas with many strong earthquakes and large earthquakes occurred in history.In rural areas there are many earth architectures in service while the Tulou is a representative of them.Although the Tulou bears reasonable overall structure layout and some anti-seismic protection measures,the anti-seismic performance of existing Tulou is under serious skepticism given that the Tulou has a long history and suffers wind and rain erosion throughout the past years along with limited construction technology.To better protect the Tulou,we must understand the anti-seismic performance and failure mode of Tulou and reinforce its weak point in a timely manner,thus avoiding serious damage caused by earthquake to Tulou.In addition,the special structure of the Tulou is also enlightening for us to study the anti-seismic structures.This paper,based on this background,took the shaking table test as the foundation and employed finite element software ABAQUS to conduct analysis on the Tulou’s unique structural form(earth and wood),working mechanism,mechanical properties and failure modes.(1)Through several times of on-the-spot investigation on Fujian Tulou,the representative circular-type Tulou “Rusheng Building” and square Tulou “Qingfu Building” were selected as the experimental prototype of the anti-seismic table.This paper chose EL Centro wave,Kobe wave,and Shanghai wave as input ground motion,measured the velocity,acceleration and displacement response of the table-board,the middle part of the wall,the upper and the top part of the wall under various seismic excitations and different seismic waveforms,analyzed the model’s natural vibration period,dynamic response as well as failure mode,and utilized finite element software ABAQUS to simulate the experimental model,check with test,and verify the feasibility of the finite element simulation.(2)The Tulou is a composite structure made of soil and wood.This paper,by establishing actual model through ABAQUS software and selecting EL Centro waveas input seismic wave,conducted simulation on the actual model of Tulou,and analyzed the dynamic characteristics and failure form of real Tulou by changing the magnitude of seismic wave’s acceleration,in an attempt to study the anti-seismic performance of the overall structure of the Tulou.Meanwhile,two other factors(the number of holes for windows and doors of exterior wall,the type of seismic wave)were also considered to study their impacts on the anti-seismic performance of the Tulou’s overall structure.(3)In real life,the internal wood structure of Tulou is built by lapped mortise-tenon joints,which do not belong to the rigid joint or hinge joint but a kind of special semi-rigid joint.Under the action of earthquake load,there will be some friction and slip among the joints,which will affect the anti-seismic performance of the whole structure.Therefore,this paper built a reduced-scale model of the Tulou through ABAQUS software,added wood structure inside the reduced-scale model to verify the differences in anti-seismic performance under two conditions the Tulou model bears under consolidation and friction and slip at the joint,and further analyzed the influence of friction and slip at the joint on the anti-seismic performance of Tulou.更多还原