【作者】 张雷；

【导师】 李娟； 韦巧玲；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 工程硕士（建筑与土木工程领域）（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,伴随着经济的发展,许多环境问题显得日益突出,尤其是大气雾霾现象频繁发生,给人们的健康和生活带来了很大的危害。对于室内空气环境,因室外PM_2.5浓度的高低对室内环境质量影响较大,且人员停留在室内的时间更久,因此室内较高的PM_2.5浓度的对人们的健康影响更大,更应引起人们的重视。目前,降低建筑室内PM_2.5质量浓度最经济有效的方式之一是空气过滤技术,各界也对过滤技术进行了相关研究。过滤系统的核心元件是过滤材料,过滤材料的优劣直接影响到过滤系统性能的好坏,所以对过滤材料的过滤性能进行一定的实验研究具有重要的意义。本论文依托前期开展的国家科技支撑计划“建筑室内健康环境控制与改善关键技术研究与示范”项目（2012BAJ02B06）子课题“建筑室内空气污染监测及运营管理技术研究”研究的重庆代表性的大型商场的室内空气质量评价研究成果,关注商场室内空气中PM_2.5污染现状,并进一步开展室内空气中PM_2.5净化的实验研究,为室内空气质量保障关键技术研究奠定理论基础。本论文主要研究成果如下:（1）重庆地区商场建筑室内空气存在一定程度的污染,小粒径的颗粒物存在稳定性,小粒径颗粒物质量浓度所占比例极高。在所测地点中,PM_2.5浓度占PM₁₀浓度比例为86.8%⁹3.5%,因此净化颗粒物的重点应针对微细颗粒物。（2）商场室内PM_2.5、PM₁₀浓度随时间变化存在一定的规律。从季节来看,PM_2.5、PM₁₀平均浓度均呈现冬季>过渡季>夏季的变化趋势。从日变化来看,由于夜晚室内污染源散发的颗粒物的累积,空调过滤系统未工作,使得商场室内PM_2.5、PM₁₀浓度呈现上午刚营业时浓度较高,随着空调过滤系统的工作,室内PM_2.5、PM₁₀浓度逐渐降低,中午人流量较少时浓度较低,且下午13:00¹6:00浓度达到一天中最低点,下午17:00以后伴随着人流量的上升室内PM_2.5、PM₁₀浓度又缓慢的升高。（3）论文设计并搭建了以研究测试净化PM_2.5为主的过滤材料性能的实验置,通过测试实验研究选用的过滤材料,测试了在相同阻力下PM₁₀、PM_2.5的净化效率和相同阻力下的过滤风速,过滤效率随风速的增加先上升,到某一风速后再增大风速会导致过滤效率急速降低,即存在某一最佳风速-效率区间,此最佳区间因材料不同有所差别,最佳风速的区间在0.6⁰.8m/s。（4）通过数学模型的建立,并对房间进行了实例计算,可知空调过滤以及独立净化装置的过滤效果存在局限性,当室外PM_2.5污染较严重或者室内有持续污染源释放细颗粒物的情况下,即使过滤系统持续工作,室内PM_2.5浓度仍然存在超标的可能。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years,with the economic development,many environmental problems become increasingly prominent,especially the phenomenon of frequent haze,has brought great harm to people’s health and life.For the indoor air environment,because the concentration of outdoor PM_2.5 has great impact on the indoor environment quality,and people stay in the room longer,so the indoor PM_2.5 concentration of the greater impact on people’s health,should cause people’s more attention.At present,one of the most cost-effective ways to reduce the concentration of PM_2.5 in the interior of the building is air filtration technology,and the research on filtration technology has also been studied.The core element of the filtration system is the filter material,the quality of the filter material directly affects the performance of the filtration system.Therefore,it is of great significance to study the filtration performance of the filter material.This paper relies on the national large-scale shopping malls of Chongqing,which are carried out by the National Science and Technology Support Program of the previous year,"Research and Demonstration of Key Laboratory of Indoor Health Environment Control and Improvement"（2012BAJ02B06）Sub-project "Research on Indoor Air Pollution Monitoring and Operation Management Technology" The indoor air quality evaluation research results,concerned about the indoor air PM_2.5 pollution status,and further carry out indoor air PM_2.5 purification experimental study,for indoor air quality assurance key technology research to lay the theoretical foundation.The main research results of this paper are as follows:（1）There is a certain degree of pollution in shopping malls indoor air in Chongqing area,particle size of small particles of stability,small particles of particulate matter concentration of the proportion of high.In the measured sites,PM_2.5 concentration accounted for the proportion of PM₁₀ concentration of 86.8% to 93.5%,so the focus of purification of particulate matter should be directed against fine particles.（2）There are some regularities in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentration in the mall.From the seasons,PM_2.5,PM₁₀ average concentration showed winter> transition season> summer trend.From the daily changes,due to the accumulation of indoor pollution sources at night the accumulation of particulate matter,air conditioning and filtration system is not working,making the indoor PM_2.5,PM₁₀ concentration higher in the morning just when the shopping mall opened,with the working of air conditioning filter system,the concentration of indoor PM_2.5,PM₁₀ decreased gradually,the concentration was low for the noon flow was low,and the concentration of 13:00 to 16:00 in the afternoon reached the lowest point in the day,and after 17:00 pm with the increase of indoor flow PM_2.5,PM₁₀ concentration slowly increased.（3）The experimental results show that the PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 can be used to study the effect of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 on the filtration efficiency of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 under the same resistance.Filtering the wind speed,the filtration efficiency increases first with the increase of the wind speed,and the increase of the wind speed to a certain wind speed will lead to the rapid decrease of the filtration efficiency,that is,there is a certain optimal wind speed-efficiency interval,the best interval varies with the materials,The optimum wind speed range is 0.6 0.8m/ s.（4）Through the establishment of the mathematical model and the room of the example of the calculation,we can see that the air conditioning filter and independent purification device filtering effect of limitations,when the outdoor PM_2.5 pollution is more serious or indoor pollution sources to release fine particles,even if the filter system continues to work,indoor PM_2.5 concentration is still possible excessive.更多还原