【作者】 张鹏；

【导师】 杜宏茹；

【作者基本信息】 新疆师范大学 ， 人文地理学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 城镇化进程中,乡村聚落空间演变加剧,乡村聚落整理、重构势在必行。干旱区流域尺度下聚落发展演变具有独立和完整的规律性特征,在绿洲城镇化进程中不断呈现新的特点。本文以新疆和墨洛绿洲为例,采用核密度估计、最邻近指数分析、缓冲区分析等GIS空间分析方法,对和墨洛绿洲乡村聚落的空间演变特征、现状特征与影响因素开展了探索分析。研究得出的主要结论有:(1)和墨洛绿洲乡村聚落空间格局表现出由中心向外围不断扩展趋势,具有明显的区域差异。2000年以前,以喀拉喀什镇为中心“单核”增长强化;2000—2010年,以喀拉喀什镇为核心区域聚落密度逐渐减小,以巴格其镇、肖尔巴格乡为核心区域密度逐渐增大;2010—2014年,“双核”聚落密度同时不断增大,聚落高密度分布范围自中心向外围明显扩大。(2)和墨洛绿洲乡村聚落空间分布高度集中。大多县域范围以及河流沿岸乡村聚落均表现为集聚分布模式,而以和田市为代表的绿洲内部腹地乡村聚落表现出一定的随机分布模式。(3)和墨洛绿洲乡村聚落空间形态表现出散漫村与集聚村两种形式。大多数聚落以集聚村形式分布于绿洲核心区域,沿河、沿路带状分布。依据聚落位置及密度、形态差异,划分为低山河谷带低密度条带状、沙漠腹地沿河低密度条带状、绿洲内部沿渠高密度条带状、绿洲内部沿路高密度条带状分布模式。(4)和墨洛绿洲乡村聚落表现出明显的空间分异规律。绿洲西部聚落密度明显高于东部,自西向东聚落规模逐渐变小;自绿洲中心向外围聚落密度逐渐下降,表现出一定的中心地分布特征;绿洲不同位置聚落密度表现出明显的区域差异。(5)和墨洛绿洲乡村聚落空间格局的形成受到绿洲自然地理条件、经济发展因素与社会文化因素的共同制约。自然地理环境是乡村聚落空间分布格局形成的环境基础与主导因素,其中水资源是制约乡村聚落空间布局最根本的因素。国道与县乡公路空间布局对聚落空间格局影响较大,是乡村聚落空间格局形成与发展的外部因素。绿洲农耕文化传统与传统的婚姻、生育观念对聚落空间格局影响较大,是乡村聚落空间格局形成与演变的内部动因。(6)针对乡村聚落空间格局现状特征及主要演变规律,从产业发展、城镇建设和村镇管理方面提出了优化聚落空间格局的对策建议。积极引导产业转型,发展高效农业,强化二三产业;加强小城镇建设,促进就地城镇化;加强村镇规划,提高土地资源、水资源开发管理利用水平,促进聚落人地关系和谐发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of urbanization,the spatial evolution of rural settle ments is changing more and more frequently,it is imperative to carry out land consolidation and spatial reconstruction of rural settlement.The development and evolution of rural settlement in Hemoluo oasis is more independent and complete,and it shows some special characteristics in the River Basin spatial scale of arid area and new characteristics unceasingly in the process of urbanization in the oasis area.This paper takes Xinjiang Hemoluo oasis as an example,explores and analysis the evolution law,the status of rural settlements spatial pattern and the influence factors of the characteristics in Hemoluo oasis area,mainly used GIS spatial analysis method,includes Kernel density estimation,Nearest neighbor indicator and Buffer analysis method.The main conclusions of this paper are:(1)It shows the trend of expanding from center to periphery and obvious regional difference in the evolution process of Hemoluo oasis rural settlements spatial pattern.The first stage is a stage of Karakax town growth and intensification before 2000.2000-2010,The density of the original growth pole Centered on Karakax town decreased gradually,and the density of the new growth pole which located in the middle of Bageqi town and Xiaoerbage Village gradually increased.2010-2014,the density of two growth pole growing,while the high density distribution of the settlement significantly expanded from the center to the periphery.(2)The rural settlement in Hemoluo oasis shows the spatial pattern of highly concentrated distribution.it shows typical cluster distribution characteristics when taking the county area and river basin region as the reference scope,but it shows the spatial characteristics of random distribution in the heartland of oasis represented by the Hotan city.(3)The rural settlement in Hemoluo oasis shows two spatial forms: the unorganized village and the clustered village.Most of the settlements are distributed in the core area of the oasis in the form of clustered village,which is characterized by the typical banded distribution along the river and the road.According to the location,the density and the shape differences of the settlement,it can be summarized as four models: Low density belt in low mountain valley,Low density belt along the river in the interior of desert,High density belt along the canal in the interior of oasis and High density belt along the road in the interior of oasis.(4)It shows obvious spatial differentiation characteristics of rural settlements.The density of settlements in the west of the oasis is obviously higher than it in the east,and the size of settlements gradually declined from west to east;The density of settlements gradually declined from center to periphery,and it shows the characteristics of central place distribution;The density of settlements in different locations of oasis shows obvious regional difference.(5)The formation of spatial pattern of rural settlements in Hemoluo oasis area was restricted by natural geographical conditions,economic development factors and social cultural factors.The geographical environment is foundation and the dominant factor of the formation and evolution of distribution pattern of rural settlements in Hemoluo oasis,Water resources are the most fundamental factors that restrict the spatial distribution of rural settlements.The spatial distribution of State Road and County Road has great influence on the settlement pattern,is the external factors in the process of rural settlements spatial pattern formation and development.The tradition of oasis farming culture and concept of traditional marriage and fertility have a great influence on the settlement spatial pattern,which is the internal cause of the formation and change of rural settlement spatial pattern in the factors of social and cultural.(6)According to the present situation and the main evolution law of the rural settlement spatial pattern,this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to optimize the spatial pattern of the settlement from the aspects of industrial transformation,urban construction and village-town management.Actively guide industrial restructuring and develop efficient agriculture,strengthen the second industry and the third industry.Strengthen the construction of small cities and towns,promote local urbanization.Strengthen the planning of villages and towns,improve the level of development,management and utilization of land resources and water resources,and promote the harmonious development of man-land relationships of rural settlement.更多还原