【作者】 刘博；

【导师】 潘鹏； 任明；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 建筑与土木工程（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 我国中小学校校园数量众多,建筑规模巨大,每年消耗大量的能源,是能源利用的重要领域,然而部分学校建设方式落后,存在能耗高、效率低、热舒适度差等诸多问题。因此对中小学校园进行改造,对节能减排、建设良好生态环境具有重要的意义。同时,中小学校园的改造还可以营造良好的教学环境,有利于师生身心健康发展以及培养节约、环保的意识。本文首先研究了基于生态理念的中小学校园改造技术策略,该技术策略关注建筑围护结构优化、能源利用、资源利用、废弃物处理利用、生态景观、绿色交通与可达性、微气候环境、绿色建筑体系等几个方面。并且通过分析中小学存在的问题,针对改造技术策略的不同方面提出了一些适宜中小学校园改造的技术措施。需要强调的是,改造必须在不影响建筑结构的安全性和耐久性的前提下进行。然后,依据上述技术策略,根据八一中学的实际情况,对其进行改造,并以宣教中心为例进行了分析。宣教中心的建设目标是低能耗、被动式建筑、节能环保技术的有机结合及绿色建筑技术的推广。本文根据宣教中心自身定位和基本目标,通过对建筑的场地分析,确定其设计理念和思路,并选择了适宜的技术策略,技术策略包括建筑方案、结构体系、冷热源、围护结构及装饰材料、室内环境控制、可再生能源利用系统、节水与水资源利用、智能控制平台等方面。根据宣教中心的图纸及采用技术措施,应用Phoenics、Ecotect、IES、Cadna A等模拟软件对其室内外风环境、室内可视度、日照时间和日照强度、室内光环境、建筑能耗、室内热舒适性和声环境进行了模拟研究。结果表明,宣教中心采取一系列的技术措施后,全年建筑能耗为36.6k Wh/(m2·a),满足基本目标要求,室内具有良好的热舒适度,室内外风环境、光环境和声环境均得到改善,并满足设计要求。最后,依据宣教中心改造的方案,根据校内其他建筑的现状,从建筑的围护结构性能、能源体系、室内环境控制等方面对建筑的改造进行了策略性的指导。生态理念下中小学校园的改造,将使师生回归自然,有利于身心健康,同时培养师生的节约和环保的意识,并将节约和环保的意识一代一代传播下去。更多还原

【Abstract】 A large number of primary and secondary schools,with a great deal of construction scale,consume enormous amounts of energy to be an important area of energy consumption.However,part of the schools have the problems of high energy consumption,low energy utilization efficiency and poor thermal comfort for the construction way behind.Therefore,schools reconstruction is of great significance to energy conservation and emission reduction,and to build a good ecological environment.By the meantime,school reconstruction is good for building up a friendly study environment for physical and mental health of the students and teachers,which is also good for setting up the saving and environmental protection awareness.Firstly,this paper studies the school reconstruction technology strategy base on ecological concept,which include building palisade structure optimization,energy utilization,utilization of resources,waste treatment and utilization,landscape ecology,green transportation and accessibility,micro climate environment,green building system etc.At the same time,through the analysis of existing problems,the essay puts forward some appropriate technical measures of school reconstruction in the view of the different aspects of technical innovation strategy.It should be emphasized that the transformation must be carried out without affecting the safety and durability of the building structure.Secondly,based on the technology strategy above,a reconstruction has been down in the Beijing Bayi school according to the actual situation.This paper take the education center as an example for the goals of low energy consumption,passive construction,energy saving and environmental protection technology in combination and green building technology promotion.According to the education center positioning itself and the basic goal,through the building site analysis,determine the design concepts and ideas,and select the appropriate technology strategy,including construction scheme,structure system,cold and heat sources,retaining structure and decoration materials,indoor environmental control,recycling energy utilization system,water saving and water resources utilization,intelligent control platform etc.On the basis of the drawings and the technical measures of education center,the indoor and outdoor wind environment,visibility,sunshine duration and intensity,indoor light environment,building energy consumption,indoor thermal comfort and harmony environment were simulated by using the PHOENICS,Ecotect,IES,CadnaA etc.The results show that,education center has a good thermal environment,and meets the basic requirements of 36.6 kWh/(m2·a)by taking a series of technical reconstruction.Besides,the indoor and outdoor wind environment,light environment,and sound environment education center are all improved,and satisfies the design requirements.Finally,according to the reconstruction plan of education center,a strategy guidance on the aspect of performance of building envelope,energy system,indoor environmental control was proposed for other buildings in the school based on the present situation.The school reconstruction with ecological idea will enable the division of students return to nature,conducive to physical and mental health of teachers and students,at the same time,form a habit of saving and environmental protection awareness from generation to generation.更多还原