【作者】 张成龙；

【导师】 赵亚丁；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 建筑与土木工程（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 建筑能耗在社会总能耗中一直占据较大比例。严寒地区由于既有非节能建筑存量大、采暖期室内外温差大等因素,其建筑能耗占社会总能耗比例已超过30%。为推行绿色经济,实现节能减排,进行严寒地区既有建筑节能改造势在必行。虽然严寒地区节能改造已经开始一段时间,但由于政策及技术因素,影响了严寒地区既有建筑节能改造的速度。本文通过总结国内外既有建筑进行节能改造经验,研究了适合于严寒地区的既有建筑节能改造技术。通过对国内外既有建筑节能改造的现状分析,归纳了目前国内既有建筑节能改造存在的问题。针对严寒地区的气候特征,以东北地区为例,结合黑龙江省既有建筑耗能现状,从节能改造技术、相关政策法规和改造模式对严寒地区既有建筑节能改造进行了可行性分析。讨论了建筑围护结构节能改造技术、供热采暖、通风及空调系统改造技术与其它相关改造技术。结合已完成案例,对严寒地区既有建筑节能改造技术进行了讨论及效果分析。研究结果表明:(1)对既有居住建筑实施综合改造,主要采用外墙外保温体系、PVC塑料窗的更换和“平改坡”屋面改造的加强,并注重新能源应用与节能改造技术的结合。(2)现有技术对既有建筑进行改造,可达到现行节能标准要求和实现降低能耗的预定目标。通过模拟分析,苯板厚度的增加提高了保温和节能效果,但相关的经济效益却降低;单纯通过提高保温板的厚度来提高节能效果和促进能效提升并不合理。(3)通过对比分析,EPS板仍然是现在最经济可行的保温材料;发泡水泥板和保温砂浆类产品在严寒地区的市场前景并不看好;岩棉板和聚氨酯保温材料是未来建筑保温材料比较看好的材料,其中,聚氨酯保温材料是未来EPS板的替代产品。(4)建立有效的融资机制体系能够促进既有居住建筑节能改造的可持续发展。更多还原

【Abstract】 Energy consumption of buildings occupies a large proportion in total social energy consumption,whose proportion has already exceeded 30% in bitter cold region for its huge amount of existing non-energy saving buildings and large temperature difference between indoor and outdoor during hearing period.Conducting the energy saving retrofit technology in bitter cold region is good for carrying out GREEN ECONOMY.Though the project has already been started a while ago,the progress of it was slow due to the policies and technologies.The experience of energy saving reconstruction of existing buildings both at home and abroad and the energy saving retrofit technology suitable for bitter cold region was summarized and discussed in this paper,respectively.Based on the current research of the existing residential buildings both at home and abroad,the problems existing at home were discussed.According to the climate characteristics of cold region,such as the northeast region,combined with the existing buildings energy consumption situation of Heilongjiang province,the feasibility of building energy conservation transformation was analyzed in terms of its retrofit technology,relevant policies and regulations and mode.Some energy saving transformation technology was discussed,for example,the building enclosure structure energy saving reconstruction technology,heating,ventilation and air conditioning system to transform technology.Combined the completed case,the cold region existing building energy-saving renovation technology was discussed and analyzed.The results showed that:(1)Comprehensive renovation for existing residential buildings was implemented,among of which,exterior insulation system of external wall was most obvious way to improve the advantage of heat preservation and energy saving effect.PVC plastic window was more economic and reasonable in the reform of retrofit the doors and windows.In the reform of the roof,the promotion of "ping changed slope" and the combination of new energy application and roof reconstruction was suggested.(2)Existing technology for reconstruction of existing buildings could meet the requirements of the current energy efficiency standards and achieve the intended target of reducing energy consumption.Through the simulation analysis,the increase of the thickness of benzene plate could improve the heat preservation and energy saving effect,but its economic benefit was lower.Simply by increasing the thickness of the insulation board to improve the effect of energy saving and promote the efficiency was not reasonable.(3)Through the comparative analysis,EPS board now is still the most economically feasible heat preservation material.The market prospects of the foamed cement and thermal insulation mortar products did not look good in cold region.Rock wool board and Poly Urethane heat preservation material were more bullish materials in the future building insulation materials,among of which,Poly Urethane heat preservation material was the substitute product of EPS plate in future.(4)Establishing an effective financing mechanism system can improve the sustainable development of the existing building energy-saving renovation更多还原