【作者】 王兆海；

【导师】 李争起；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 工程硕士（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来作为电力企业重要组成部分的火力发电不断被光伏发电、水电、风电及核电等清洁能源冲击,200MW以下机组不断被关停以减轻其给企业带来的过高成本以及给环境带来的严重污染。宏伟热电厂作为热电联产型电力企业,虽然机组负荷较小,但其运作的形式符合国家关于鼓励发展集中供热小型机组的要求。本文总结了原来控制方案中的缺点与不足,将宏伟热电厂并列运行锅炉组视为被研究对象,研究并设计了适合宏伟热电厂母管制锅炉系统的优化协调控制策略。首先,通过分析锅炉燃烧系统的动态特性,提出了合理分配锅炉负荷以及保持锅炉经济燃烧的观点。解决问题的关键就在于维持母管蒸汽压力稳定运行在额定值,同时合理分配给煤量使其制粉系统处于最佳运行状态。为了高效而精准地辨识母管压力系统,本次研究把小波去噪技术应用在数据的预处理上,同时为确保建模的精确度,把最小二乘法运用于辨识对比试验中,大幅减小了辨识误差。其次针对410 t/h锅炉燃烧系统的原有控制方法无法投入自动,只能进行手动调节,致使运行人员的操作量大,且操作误差极易导致母管主蒸汽压力频繁波动的情况,本次研究利用先进的智能热控技术,设计了410 t/h锅炉的主蒸汽母管压力控制方案、炉膛负压控制方案及二次风挡板控制方案,在MATLAB软件上应用,取得了较为理想的仿真验证效果。最后,以现有设备良好运行状态的前提下,选取“锅炉负荷跟随母管压力”的控制策略,设计了调压锅炉在线识别法、动态负荷分配法,并实例应用于宏伟热电厂母管制锅炉组,使得原有锅炉的负荷分配更趋合理,做到了多炉间负荷、压力协同配合。更多还原

【Abstract】 Recently fossil fired power generation,the major component of the power generation enterprises,has been impacted constantly by the clean energy,such as photovoltaic,hydro,wind and nuclear power stations.The units with the capacity less than 200 MW have been shut down due to the high running cost and severe pollution problem.Even though the unit capacity at Hong Wei Thermal Power Plant is also low,they operate as cogeneration which was encouraged by the government to develop centralized heat supply by small units.The control strategy of these parallel operated boilers were the object of this paper,the defects and shortages of the original control scheme were discussed,and the optimized and more suitable control strategy was discussed and designed for common header boiler system.Firstly,by analyzing the dynamic characteristics of the boiler combustion system,a reasonable boiler load distribution and keeping economic operation viewpoint is proposed.The key to solve the problem is to maintain the pressure of the main steam header pressure at the rated value,then to keep the coal mill at the optimum condition by distributing the coal feeding reasonably.The wavelet denoising technology was applied in data preprocessing in order to identi fy of the main steam header pressure system efficiently and accurately,the least square method was used in recognition comparison test to ensure the modeling accuracy,the identification error was greatly reduced.Secondly,the original 410 t/h boiler combustion control system could not be put in automatic control,therefore huge amount of operation work load was caused by controlling the system manually.The main steam header pressure fluctuates frequently due to the manual operating error.The advanced intelligent control technology was utilized in this study to design the 410 T/ H steam header pressure control,urnace pressure control and secondary air actuator control methods.The comparatively ideal result was achieved in the Matlab software simulatio n.Finally,“boiler load follow header pressure” control was selected,after ensuring the normal operation of current equipment.The pressure regulating boiler online identification,dynamic load distribution methods were designed and applied in the control of boilers with main steam header.The boiler load distributions were more reasonable,the load and pressure cooperation among boilers was achieved.更多还原