【作者】 张涛；

【导师】 张振秀；

【作者基本信息】 青岛科技大学 ， 材料工程（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文以超临界氮气（Super critical nitrogen,SC-N2）和二氧化碳（Super critical carbon dioxide,SC-CO₂）作为发泡剂,采用间歇式发泡法及溶蚀法成功制备了丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丁二烯（ABS）闭孔材料及开孔材料,并分别研究了ABS发泡材料的光学性能、导电性能。以超临界氮气为发泡剂,采用降压法制备了ABS共聚物微孔光扩散板材料。研究了不同保温温度、时间对ABS微孔发泡材料的泡孔尺寸、结构以及其机械力学性能、光学性能的影响。测试结果表明提高饱和温度,泡孔尺寸逐渐增加,泡孔密度下降,材料的机械力学性能小幅度降低,透光率大幅度降低,而雾度大幅度提高;提高饱和压力时,泡孔尺寸先减小而后增大,并得到纳米孔材料,泡孔密度增加、泡孔空间分布均匀程度改善,泡孔尺寸在400-700纳米区间内,泡孔密度为10²¹个/cm³时,可以同时获得较高的透光率和雾度。通过动态热机械分析,透射电镜（TEM）、扫描电镜（SEM）成像对纳米孔结构及复合泡孔结构的形成机理进行研究,结果表明ABS存在明显的次级松弛现象及特殊的胞肠状结构,证明了共混物ABS微观相分离的微观结构,而这种结构直接导致了纳米孔及复合泡孔结构的产生。并通过溶蚀法,制备了小泡孔尺寸及高泡孔密度的ABS纳米孔及微孔材料,扫描电镜分析表明随着PEO添加量增加,泡孔尺寸逐渐小幅度增加,泡孔密度下降。采用超临界CO₂降压发泡法及溶蚀法制备了ABS开孔材料。通过塑料流动速率测试仪评价了PEO对ABS熔体流动速率（MFR）的影响,结果表明加入PEO后,熔体流动速率明显提高,且PEO含量越多,MFR增加越多;通过差示扫描量热法评价了ABS/PEO共混物的玻璃化转变温度（Tg）,测试结果表明Tg明显向低温区移动,且PEO添加量越多Tg降低越大;通过SEM观察了ABS开孔材料的泡孔结构,测试结果表明发泡法和溶蚀法制得的开孔材料的泡孔结构差异较大,但开孔材料的孔隙率均保持在50%左右。又通过发泡法及发泡后溶蚀法制备了ABS开孔导电材料,采用电阻计测试了材料的电阻率及电导率。测试结果表明,溶蚀法制备的ABS开孔导电材料,当导电炭黑含量超过6%时,可使电阻率大幅下降,下降至0.6Ω·cm,电导率大幅提高,提高至2.92S/m。采用发泡后溶蚀法制备ABS开孔导电材料,当导电炭黑含量达到6%时,可使电阻率大幅下降,下降至0.5Ω·cm,电导率大幅提高,提高至3S/m。更多还原

【Abstract】 The propylene-styrene-butadiene（ABS）cellular and porous materials were successfully prepared by the batch foaming process using super critical carbon dioxide or nitrogen（Super critical nitrogen,SC-N2;Super critical carbon dioxide,SC-CO₂）and etching method.The optical properties of the cellular materials,the conductive properties of cellular and porous material were studied.In this paper,microcellular acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene（ABS）foam was prepared by supercritical N2 foaming technology.The influence of the different microcellular foaming process on the cell structure,uniformity,various physical properties and the optical properties of microcellular ABS foam were researched.The results show that the rise of saturation temperature will make cell size increase,cell density decrease,and the material mechanical property decrease slightly,the light transmittance slash,and haze increased significantly;Increase the saturation pressure,the size of cell first decrease and then increase,cell density increases,cell space distribution more uniform,when the cell size in 400-700 nm and cell density is 10²¹ cell/cm³,high light transmittance and haze can be obtained.The formation mechanism of nano-cellular structure and composite cell structure were analyzed by dynamic thermomechanical analysis,transmission and scanning electron microscopy.The results showed that there were obvious multi-level secondary relaxation and specific colonic structure in ABS.ABS micro phase separation of the microstructure was proved which directly led to the formation of nano-cellular and composite cell structure.The cell size and the cell density of ABS nanopores and microcellular materials were prepared by etching method.The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that the cell size gradually increased and the cell density decreased with the increase of PEO content.The ABS porous materials were prepared by supercritical CO₂ foaming method and etching method.The effect of PEO on the melt flow rate（MFR）of ABS was evaluated by the plastic flow rate tester.The results showed that the melt flow rate increased obviously and the MFR increased much more with high PEO content.The glass transition temperature（Tg）of the ABS/PEO blends were evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry.The results showed that the Tg shifted to the low temperature region and the higher the PEO content was,the higher the Tg was.The larger the Tg was observed by SEM.The results show that the pore structure of the perforated materials produced by the foaming method and the dissolution method is different,but the porosity of the pores is about 50%.The ABS conductive materials were prepared by foaming method and foaming following etching method.The resistivity and electrical conductivity of the materials were measured by a resistance meter.The results showed that the resistivity could be reduced to 0.6Ω · cm when the content of conductive carbon black is more than 6%,the resistance conductivity reduced to 2.92 S/m.When the content of conductive carbon black reaches 6%,the resistivity could be reduced greatly and the resistance conductivity isreduced to 0.5Ω · cm,the conductivity increased to3 S/m.更多还原