【作者】 王欢；

【导师】 焦若水；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 社会工作专业硕士（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 孤儿作为特殊的社会群体,是社会福利事业和社会救助的主要对象。目前学术界关于福利院孤儿的研究聚焦于其心理与行为问题、社会融入及儿童福利院的管理机制、多元化养育模式和社会福利政策等方面,主要针对孤儿们在福利院中以及离开福利院之后所产生的问题,而对于孤儿刚进入福利院这一陌生空间所产生的适应问题鲜有研究。每个社会个体进入新的生活环境都必须经历适应期,但是由于孤残儿童区别于常人,面对生活环境的改变难免会产生或多或少的适应问题。如果不尽快解决这些问题,引导其顺利适应新生活,很可能会对这些孩子再次造成伤害,影响其成长与发展。在这种背景下,本研究以临夏X儿童福利院的34名新入院孤儿为研究对象,采用深度访谈、参与式观察等方法对新入院孤儿的适应问题展开研究。通过研究发现,福利院新入院孤儿主要存在心理压力问题、个体生活适应、学习适应和人际关系适应问题,影响这些适应问题的因素主要包括:心理因素、环境变化、个体差异及社会支持系统缺失。本研究在对适应问题及产生原因进行深入分析的基础上,将社会工作的专业理论和方法运用到新入院孤儿适应问题的解决过程中,采用个案工作和小组工作的专业方法对新入院孤儿及其周围环境进行介入,消除了其因不适应产生的不良情绪,减缓了心理压力,增强了自我认知与自信心,完善了其社会支持系统,使其渐渐地适应了新的生活环境。更多还原

【Abstract】 Orphans as a special social group is the main object of social welfare and social relief.Academ ics about the orphans research mainly focus on the psychological and behavior problems,social integrat ion and management mechanism of children’ s welfare homes,diversified rearing patterns and social polic ies,etc.,mainly for the problem of orphans in the welfare homes and left the welfare homes,but for the adaption problem that orphans face just coming into welfare institut ion.Every social individual into the new environment of life must go through the adaptation,but the orphans are different from ordinary people,in the face of the changes of living environment adaptat ion problems are inevitable.If we don’t solve these problems as soon as possible and guide them well adapt to the new life,it will cause harm to these children again and affect their growth and development.In this context,this study put 34 new orphans living in Linxia X welfare institution as the research object,using in-depth interviews,participatory observation and other methods to study adaptation problem of the new orphans.The study found that new orphans living in inst itution mainly had psychological stress problems,learning problems,adapt to the individual life and interpersonal adaptat ion problems.Factors affecting the adaptation problems includes psychological factors,environmental change,individual differences and lack of social suppor t system.Based on the in-depth analysis of the adaptation problems and causes,this s tudy try to use professional theor ies and methods of social work into the progress of solving the problems.This study uses professional methods of case work and group w ork to intervene orphans and their surrounding environment,which eliminate the bad mood caused by adaptation problems,enhance their self-awareness and self-confidence,improve their social support system and prompt them to gradually adapt to the new living environment.更多还原