老年女性体力活动对功能性体适能的影响

【作者】 王玲玲；

【导师】 高亮；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 体育硕士（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国老龄化进程的推进,老年人健康问题来越受到政府、社会以及每一个社会成员的重视。在当今家庭养老照料功能减弱和社会保障及服务水平低下的状况下,全面了解老年女性体力活动和功能性体适能现状,探讨老年女性体力活动水平对功能性体适能的影响,对提高老年女性功能性体适能的表现,改善老年女性的健康状况,提高生命质量,减缓人口老龄化带来的社会压力都具有一定理论与现实意义。本研究以合肥市包河区滨湖世纪社区201名(≥60岁)老年女性为调查和测试对象,采用文献资料法、调查法和数理统计法,对老年女性体力活动的现状、功能性体适能的现状,以及老年女性体力活动水平对功能性体适能的影响进行调查分析,研究得出:1)老年女性体力活动水平以中等强度为主,其中锻炼年限和年龄是影响女性老年人体力活动量的敏感因素;2)老年女性功能性体适能均值与效标比较,表现出拥有保持健康和独立自主生活能力的上、下肢肌力和耐力,但灵敏/动态平衡能力欠缺;3)老年女性不同体力活动水平对“上下肢的肌力及柔韧性、灵敏/动态平衡能力和有氧耐力”影响具有统计学意义,表现为体力活动水平越高,功能性体适能越好。鉴于老年女性体力活动的现状、功能性体适能的现状,以及老年女性体力活动水平对功能性体适能的影响,提出:1)老年女性应该继续保持或丰富日常体力活动,社区及相关部门应该给与老年女性体力活动状况足够的重视,定期给社区老年女性进行体力活动测试评估,同时多鼓励老年女性进行休闲体育锻炼,合理指导她们从事各种体力活动;2)使用功能性体适能对老年人身体健康状况进行监测和管理,以确保能真实反映老年人身体健康水平,满足老年人健康促进的要求;3)老年女性在日常生活中建议维持中等及以上体力活动水平来改善个体功能性体适能的表现。除将一些日常例行生活中体力活动(如为减少久坐行为、多走楼梯少搭电梯等)融入老年女性体力活动范围内,可适当安排些符合老年人身心特点的运动项目(如太极拳、广场舞、散步等)来增加老年女性能量消耗,通过提高老年女性体力活动活跃度来全面延缓上下肢肌力与柔韧性的衰减,提高心肺功能,增加机体有氧耐力,降低衰老造成的一系列健康风险。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the advance of China’s aging process, the health problems of the elderly are attached more and more importance by the government, society and every member of society. In the current situation of family care ,social support and social security being in low level, understanding the current situation of physical activity and functional fitness of elderly women, exploring the impact of physical activity level on functional fitness, have a certain theoretical and practical significance on improving the performance of elderly women’s functional fitness,the health status of older women ,life quality and slowing down the aging of the population brought about by the social pressure.In this study, 201 elderly women (≥60 years old) in Baixi Lake, Baoyuan District,Hefei were investigated and tested. Investigating the status of physical activity and functional fitness of the elderly women, analyzing the impact of the level of physical activity on functional fitness of elderly women by literature data,survey and mathematical statistics method. The results showed that: 1) The intensity level of physical activity of the elderly women was moderate, among which the exercise duration and age were the sensitive factors. 2) Compared with the mean value of the functional fitness of the elderly women, it showed the endurance ability of healthy and independent living ability, but it is lack of sensitivity / dynamic balance; 3) The effect of different physical activity level on the strength and flexibility of upper and lower limbs, sensitivity / dynamic balance and aerobic endurance was statistically significant, the higher the level of physical activity, the better the functional fitness.In view of the status of physical activity of elderly women, the status of functional fitness and the effect of physical activity level on the functional fitness of elderly women, it is suggested that: 1) older women should continue to maintain or enrich daily physical activity, community and relevant departments should give enough attention to the elderly women’s physical activity. the community should test the physical activity power of elderly women regularly, and encourage elderly women to carry out leisure physical exercise,give a reasonable guide to them to engage in various physical activity; 2) the use of functional fitness to monitor and manage the health of the elderly can ensure the health of the elderly can be truly reflected in meeting the health promotion requirements of the elderly; 3) elderly women in should do some physical activity in the daily life to improve the performance of individual functional fitness. In addition taking some daily routine physical activity (such as to reduce sedentary behavior, take the stairs less to take the elevator, etc.) into the physical activity of elderly women, we can also arrange some physical and mental characteristics of the elderly sports (such as Tai Chi , Square dance, walking, etc.) to increase the energy consumption of elderly women, improve heart and lung function,increase the body aerobic endurance,reduce aging caused by a series of health risks by improving the activity of older women’s physical activity to fully delay the lower limb muscle strength and flexibility of attenuation.更多还原