【作者】 陈军；

【导师】 张文华；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 学科教学·化学（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 化学习题在整个化学教学过程中占据很重要的地位,是连接教师的教与学生的学的重要桥梁。它能帮学生加深对知识理解,还能反馈信息、检查效果,让教师不断的调整教学计划,改进和完善自己的教学策略达到理想的教学效果,是教学过程中老师与学生沟通交流的主要工具。但是,在面临高考重点升学率的压力下,教材课后习题的功能和作用没能得到真正的发挥。导致课后习题不能被教师和学生重视,教师和学生更愿意订购教辅资料、试卷习题等,依靠题海战术提高学生成绩,提高重本升学率。首先是因为应试教育体制和观念根深蒂固的存在于教师、学生和家长的心中,想通过各种手段都要让学生上个好学校。其次是教材课后习题未能满足学生学习和个性发展的需要。另外,教科书的课后习题得不好很好的利用,功能不能被充分发挥与老师的教学策略和课程资源开发有的关系。因此,教师应该了解现行化学教材课后习题在使用中存在的问题和教学现状,深入的领会教科书课后的习题编写意图,解决好教材课后习题不能得到很好的利用的问题,提高学生的科学素养。把握新教材模块的编写特点,驾驭好教材内容,不断的完善和更新教学观念和教学策略,落实立德树人的要求,充分发挥课程在人才培养中的核心作用。化学平衡内容比较复杂,涉及到的概念抽象,学习时不容易理解,接受比较艰难,也同时影响着弱电解质的电离平衡、盐类的水解平衡、难溶电解质的溶解平衡的学习。笔者认为,对化学平衡章节课后习题的内容和编制应该引起教师和研究者的重视。因此,本文开展了对人教版化学平衡同步习题编制研究。在研究过程中,首先阅读关于课程改革中对课后习题编制的相关文献,总结在同步习题编制的理论和注意的问题。在文献研究和理论指导下,对学生进行问卷调查,调查学生对人教版选修4化学反应原理课后习题的使用现状,然后访谈教师,了解教师对教科书课后习题的情况。通过对调查结果和访谈记录进行分析和整理,总结学生和教师在使用人教版化学反应原理课后习题存在的问题和使用的现状。然后在认知负荷理论、最近发展区理论、问题解决理论为理论依据。对近十年的全国卷有关“化学平衡”的高考题分析研究,掌握高考的热点和重难点,以及命题的变化趋势,对化学平衡的同步习题的编制和研究有一定的指导作用。同时对考试大纲和课程标准进行研究分析,人教版选修4化学反应原理课后习题设计的问题,从理论和实践两个方面对同步习题编制进行研究。按照新课程改革对课程的要求,总结设计同步习题的设计原则。根据习题编制原则,结合教学实践,关注三维课程目标,各种因素相互协调下对化学平衡章节的同步习题进行编制。最后,针对研究中存的不足和局限性进行了反思和总结,编制化学平衡的同步习题,并对如何编制同步习题提出了建议和展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chemistry exercises throughout the chemistry teaching process occupies a very important position,is to connect teachers to teach and students of the important bridge of learning.It can help students to deepen their understanding of knowledge,but also feedback information,check the results,so that teachers continue to adjust the teaching plan to improve and improve their teaching strategies to achieve the desired teaching results,the teacher and student communication in the teaching process the main tool.However,in the face of college entrance examination focus on the rate of enrollment under the pressure of textbook exercises and the role of the exercises did not get real play.Teachers and students are more willing to subscribe to supplementary materials,papers exercises,etc.,relying on the title sea tactics to improve student performance,increase the rate of heavy enrollment.First,because the examination-oriented education system and the concept of deep-rooted in the hearts of teachers,students and parents,through various means to make students a good college.Followed by the textbooks exercises can’t meet the needs of students learning and personality development.In addition,the textbook exercises aren’t well used,the function can’t be fully played with the teacher’s teaching strategies and curriculum resources development relationship.Therefore,teachers should be aware of the existing problems in the use of chemical textbooks problems and teaching situation,in-depth understanding of textbooks after the exercises to write the intention to solve the problem of good use of textbook exercises can’t be used to improve students’ Scientific-literacy.Grasping the compiling characteristics of the new teaching material module,mastering the content of the teaching material,constantly perfecting and renewing the teaching idea and teaching strategy,fulfilling the requirements of the moral person and bringing into full play the core function of the course in personnel training.The concept of chemical equilibrium content is more abstract and complicated.It is difficult for students to accept and learn.It also affects the ionization balance of weak electrolyte,the hydrolysis equilibrium of salts and the dissolution balance of insoluble electrolyte.The author believes that the content and compilation of the exercises after the chapter of the chemical balance should be paid attention to by the teachers and the researchers.Therefore,this text has carried on the research to the PEP edition chemical equilibrium synchronous exercise compilation.During the study,we first read the relevant literature on the curriculum reform after class,summed up in the notes and the theoretical part of the synchronization exercises.Under the guidance of literature research and theory,the students were surveyed and the students’ use of the " Chemistry 4" exercises was investigated.Then the teachers were interviewed to understand the situation of the textbook exercises.Then through the analysis and collation of the survey results and interview records,the paper summarizes the problems and the present situation of the students and teachers in using the"Chemistry 4" textbook exercises.Then the theory of problem solving,theory of proximate development and theory of cognitive load are used.It is of great significance to study and solve the problems of the chemical balance in the national volume of the national college entrance examination in the last ten years,and to master the hot and difficult points of the college entrance examination and the changing tendency of the proposition.At the same time,the paper analyzes the syllabus and curriculum standards,the design problems of the "Chemistry 4" after-class exercises,and studies the compilation of synchronous exercises from both theoretical and practical aspects.According to the requirements of curriculum reform,the design principles of synchronous exercises are summarized.According to the principle of compiling the exercises,combining the teaching practice,paying attention to the three-dimensional curriculum goals,and coordinating the various factors,the synchronous exercises of the chemical balance chapter are compiled.Finally,the shortcomings and limitations of the research are reviewed and summarized,the synchronous problems of chemical balance are worked out,and some suggestions and prospects are given.更多还原