【作者】 李伟；

【导师】 谭正华；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 计算机技术， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 在矿山企业进行采矿作业的一系列采矿工艺中,爆破有着重要的地位。爆破的效果直接影响着矿山生产过程中一系列后续工艺的效率(如铲装、运输、机械破碎等)和总的经济效益,也影响着矿山的生产安全。随着三维可视化技术及实体建模理论的飞速发展,地下采场的内部结构已经十分清晰,三维可视化环境下的地下矿爆破技术也开始逐渐发展。本文包含如下几个方面:三维地质实体建模相关理论及关键技术、地下爆破设计体系结构、地下扇形孔爆破优化设计和地下平行孔爆破优化设计。其中,三维地质实体建模相关理论及关键技术包括地下爆破的三维实体功能要求和表面模型、块段模型、巷道模型等地下矿三维数据模型的建模技术;地下爆破设计体系结构分析了地下爆破设计系统,介绍了系统开发的环境与平台、系统体系结构和系统模块;地下扇形孔爆破优化设计介绍了扇形孔爆破设计流程与扇形孔的数据管理形式,提出了控制矿体边界损失贫化的方法,该方法根据三维矿体模型获取矿体边界处的矿岩分界线,确定爆破后冲线的若干采样位置后,分别计算不同采样位置下的矿石的损失率和贫化率,再根据损失贫化要求确定地下爆破设计中爆破后冲线的目标位置,并用工程实例说明其可行性,最后以北洺河矿山为例,实现了地下矿扇形孔的爆破方案;地下平行孔爆破优化设计介绍了平行孔爆破设计流程和基于红黑树的炮孔数据管理,介绍了平行孔的几种布孔方式及布孔流程,实现了测试直线与实体表面相交的算法,该方法根据分离轴理论快速检测两个OBB盒是否相交,从而判断炮孔与孔底网面是否相交,以修正平行孔孔底位置,最后以冬瓜山矿床为例,进行了地下平行孔爆破方案的设计。地下矿爆破设计的优化研究成果,提高了爆破设计数据的准确性,也提高了工程师、矿山技术人员的工作效率,具有较好的实用价值与广阔的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Blasting is one of the important part of the mining operation in mine enterprises.The blasting quality affects the total economic benefit and the efficiency of subsequent process including shovel loading,transportation and mechanical crushing.Besides,it has great importance to mine production safety.With the fast development of 3D visualization technology and solid modeling theory,the internal structure of underground stope has been very clear,and the blasting technology of underground mine based on 3D visualization environment is developing gradually.This paper is mainly about the 3D geological modeling theory and key technology,the blasting theory and structure parameters of underground mine,the optimization method for numerical calculation of underground mine,the blasting optimal design of underground fan holes,and the blasting optimal design of underground parallel holes.Specifically,the 3D geological modeling theory and key technology include the function requirements of 3D entity and the modeling technology about 3D data model,such as surface model,block model and tunnel model.The underground blasting design system structure analyzed the underground blasting design system,introduced the environment and platform of the system development,the system architecture and system modules.The blasting optimal design of underground fan hole described the blasting design procedure and data management of fan holes,proposed a method for controlling the loss and dilute of the ore boundary,and illustrated its feasibility with a practical example.The method is based on the three-dimensional orebody model to obtain the boundary of the ore and rock at the boundary of the ore body.After determining the sampling positions of the red line after blasting,it calculates the loss rate and dilution rate of the ore under different sampling positions,and then the target position of the blasting line in the underground blasting design is determined.Furthermore,the blasting scheme of underground fan holes was be brought in Beiminghe iron mine.The blasting optimal design of underground parallel holes described the blasting design procedure and data management based on the red-black tree of parallel holes,put forward kinds of way and the procedure of hold arrangements,and realized the testing algorithm of intersection between straight line and solid surface.The method can quickly detect whether two OBB boxes intersect according to the separation axis theory,so as to judge whether the hole and the bottom of the hole net face intersect to correct the position of the bottom of parallel holes.Finally,the blasting scheme of underground parallel holes was raised in Dongguashan deposit.The optimal research on blasting design of underground mine not only can reduce the burden of the blasting designers,but also has great practical value and application prospect.更多还原