贵州农村老年人收入的性别差异研究

【作者】 张冬梅；

【导师】 韦璞；

【作者基本信息】 贵州财经大学 ， 社会保障， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 由于农村劳动力大量流入城镇,导致我国出现人口老龄化城乡倒置的现象,农村老龄化问题比城市更加严重,特别是经济发展相对滞缓的贵州农村地区,人均收入较低,社会养老保障体系不健全,农村老年人的收入水平低下,成为困难农村老年人提升养老质量的瓶颈。并且,由于受个人特征、家庭情况、以及社会保障政策等因素的影响,女性老年人较之男性老年人收入水平更低、收入稳定性更差,不利于社会性别平等的实现,也不利于和谐社会的构建。因此,研究贵州农村女性老年人的收入问题,无疑对我国推进社会公平正义发展,实现全面小康社会具有重要的现实意义。本文采用贵州农村老年人社会保障与贫困状况问卷调查数据,从社会性别的视角,一方面详细分析了贵州农村老年人在收入来源、收入水平等方面的性别差异,另一方面,对贵州农村老年人的总收入和各分项收入的性别因素进行检验,分析性别对于老年人收入的影响显著性。另外,从个人因素、家庭内部因素、养老社会保障制度等多个层面,分析影响老年人收入差异的其他原因。分析结果得出:(1)贵州农村老年人在收入来源和收入水平上均存在显著地性别差异。相比于男性老年人,女性老年人收入来源较少,收入水平较低,对家庭成员的依赖性较强。(2)在影响因素分析中发现,老年人的健康状况、子女的孝顺程度,部分社会养老保障政策对老年人收入有显著影响。但性别因素没有显著性影响,这可能是贵州农村男性和女性老年人都以家庭经济支持为主,导致二者之间的差别并没有统计显著性。针对贵州农村老年人收入的性别差异,文章提出了相对公平的养老社会保障政策对策建议,包括:养老保障政策的制定中应纳入性别视角,设计真正体现性别平等的养老保险制度,保证制度公平、平等的惠及两性老年人;大力发展贵州农村的社区养老服务事业,推动医养结合养老服务模式在贵州农村的施行;加大对农村教育、医疗财政支持;加强贵州农村教育政策宣传,促进贵州农村两性教育公平,保障贵州农村女性受教育水平;完善贵州农村社会救助制度,注重向农村老年女性倾斜。更多还原

【Abstract】 Due to a large number of rural labor into cities,resulting in China’s emergence of aging population inversion phenomenon,the rural aging problem is more serious than that in the city,especially the economic development is relatively slow in Guizhou rural areas,per capita income is low,the social old-age security system is not perfect,the rural elderly income level is low,become the bottleneck of rural elderly enhance the quality of the endowment difficult.Also,due to the impact of personal characteristics,family,and social security policies and other factors,women aged less than men,the elderly income level of income stability is poor,is not conducive to the realization of gender equality in society,is not conducive to building a harmonious society.Therefore,the study of the income of rural women and the elderly in Guizhou undoubtedly has important practical significance for China to promote social equity and justice and realize a well-off society in an all-round way.The Guizhou rural elderly social security and poverty survey data,from a gender perspective,a detailed analysis of the gender differences in the sources of income,the income level of the elderly in rural areas of Guizhou,on the other hand,the gender factor total income of Guizhou rural elderly and the breakdown of income test.Analysis of influence of gender on elderly income significantly.In addition,from the personal factors,family internal factors,pension social security system and other levels,the analysis of the elderly income differences for other reasons.The results show that:(1)there are significant gender differences in the income source and income level of rural elderly in ethnic minority areas.Compared with the elderly,the elderly women have less income,lower income,and more dependence on family members.(2)in the analysis of influencing factors,it is found that the elderly’s health,filial piety,and some social security policies have a significant impact on the income of the elderly.But the sexfactor has no significant influence,this may be that the rural male and female old people in Guizhou are mainly supported by family economy,resulting in the difference between the two,and there is no statistical significance.According to the gender differences in income of rural elderly in Guizhou,this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions of old-age social security policy,relatively fair include: gender perspective should be included in the formulation of endowment insurance policy in the design truly reflects the gender equality of the pension insurance system,guarantee system of fair and equal gender benefit the elderly;the development of Guizhou rural community endowment the service industry,promote the implementation of medical raising combined with the pension service model in rural Guizhou;the increase of rural education,medical and financial support;to strengthen rural education policy promotion in Guizhou,promote Guizhou rural education fairness,security in rural areas of Guizhou women’s education level;improve the rural social assistance system in Guizhou,pay attention to incline to the rural elderly women.更多还原