【作者】 张伟；

【导师】 吴振国；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 语言学及应用语言学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 量词是汉语体系中最具民族特色的词类,“对、双、副”是现代汉语常用字表中的常用字。本文以丰富的语料库资源为基础,运用语料库统计方法对其进行全方位的统计分析,分别从“对、双、副”的历时演变、左右搭配词词类、左右搭配词语义类别、语义韵倾向、在不同语域中的分布五个方面展开,从而进行共时应用上的异同辨析,以期对三者有更全面深刻的认识。本文分为绪论、主体及结语三部分,其中主体部分包括了第二至第七章的内容。绪论部分,阐明了选题依据与研究意义,简述了研究现状,分别从量词、“对、双、副”、基于语料库的词语三方面的相关研究展开,说明了语料来源。主体部分,第二章,梳理了“对、双、副”的历时演变轨迹。它们的量词用法分别始见于唐代、先秦、魏晋时期。“对”的量词义由常用义“对答”及其引申义“对手、配偶”发展而来;“双”的量词义由表数量的“两个,一对”引申而来;“副”的量词义由其本义“剖开”及其引申义“第二位的、符合、相配”发展而来。第三章,对“对、双、副”左右搭配词的词类进行分类。它们都可分为直接搭配和非直接搭配,后者还可分为间接搭配和相对无关搭配,各类搭配中的词类各有不同。第四章,对“对、双、副”的左右搭配词进行语义上的归类。三者的左搭配词语义类别可分为表数量多少的及表指示关系的两类,而三者的右搭配词在语义上可分别分为四、三、五类。第五章,考察了“对、双、副”的语义韵倾向。“对、双”的语义韵倾向都为中性语义韵,而“副”为消极语义韵。第六章,分析了“对、双、副”在不同语域中的分布。基于两个不同的语料库进行了书面语与口头语上的区分,前者再按主题、文类、媒体、文体四种方式进一步划分,后者再按形式和内容两种标准进一步划分。第七章,综合辨析了“对、双、副”在共时应用上的异同。以上述语料库统计分析结果为基础,得出“对”强调“相互配对”,“双”强调“天然成双”,“副”强调“成对成套”,并构建了“对、双、副”称量名词重合表。结语部分,对全文的研究结果作了简要总结,并指出了文章的不足之处。更多还原

【Abstract】 The quantifier is the most characteristic part of the Chinese language system,Dui(对),Shuang(双),Fu(副) are the common words in the common Chinese character table.Based on abundant corpus resources,this paper uses corpus statistical methods to carry out all-round analysis, from the evolution,the part of speech and the semantic category of its left and right collocates,the semantic prosody and the distribution among different registers of Dui(对),Shuang(双),Fu(副).Then analyzing the similarities and differences on the synchronic application, in order to have more comprehensive and profound understanding.This thesis has three parts:introduction,main body and conclusion,in which of the main body includes the contents of the second to the seventh chapter.The introduction expounds the topic basis and research significance,sketches the research status,gets down to research from quantifiers,Dui(对),Shuang(双),Fu(副) and the word based on corpus research,and explains the source of the corpus.The main part, the second chapter, combs the evolvement track of Dui(对),Shuang(双),Fu(副).Its quantifiers usages are used in the Tang Dynasty,pre-Qin,Wei and Jin Dynasties. Dui(对)’s quantifier meaning extends from its common meaning "reply"and its extended meaning "opponent,spouse";Shuang(双)’s quantifier meaning extends from the quantity "two,one pair";Fu(副)’s quantifier meaning extends from its original meaning"divide"and its extended meaning "secondary,consistent, matchable".The third chapter, classifies the part of speech of Dui(对),Shuang(双),Fu(副)’s left and right collocates.They can be divided into direct and non-direct match, the latter can be divided into indirect and relatively irrelevant match,with the various types of part of speech among different collocations.The fourth chapter,classifies Dui(对),Shu(双),Fu(副)’s left and right collocates semantically.Its left collocates’ semantic categories can be divided into two types:represents quantity and indication;its right collocates’ semantic categories can be divided into four,three and five types.The fifth chapter,examines the semantic prosody of Dui(对),Shuang(双),Fu(副).The first two are neutral prosody, while the latter is negative prosody.The sixth chapter,analyzes the distribution of Dui(对),Shuang(双),Fu(副) among different registers.Based on two different corpora,distinguishes the written and spoken language,the former is further divided according to four ways: subject, genre, media and style,while the latter is further divided according to the form and content.The seventh chapter,discriminates the similarities and differences of Dui(对),Shuang(双),Fu(副) on synchronic application comprehensively.Based on the results of the above corpus statistical analysis, concludes that Dui(对)emphasizes "pairing",Shuang(双)emphasizes "natural double",Fu(副) emphasizes "twining and set",and constructs its modify noun coincidence table.The conclusion summarizes the research results briefly,and points out the inadequacies of the thesis.更多还原