【作者】 王敏；

【导师】 魏家海；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 传统的翻译研究中,人们只注重翻译在语言层面的转换和对等,要求译者对原文亦步亦趋绝对忠实,于是中西方开始有了对译者“舌人”“媒婆”“译匠” “叛逆者”“带镣铐的舞者”等各式各样的比喻,这些比喻一方面揭示了翻译的性质和特点,同时也反映了译者地位的低下。译者是翻译主体这一客观事实,在翻译研究中常常不受重视,其主体地位长期遭到忽视和遮蔽。随着翻译研究作为一门独立的学科确立以来,翻译摆脱了传统的语言层面和文本的桎梏,人们越来越多的关注翻译以外的文化,历史,政治,社会因素对翻译的影响,译者的主体地位也越来越凸显,引起了广泛而深入的探讨。阐释学是一门关于意义理解和解释的理论和哲学,与翻译有着天然的内在联系,它不仅拓宽了翻译研究的视野,而且为译者主体的研究奠定了理论基础。乔治·斯坦纳将哲学阐释学理论引入翻译研究中,将翻译过程分为四个步骤:信任、侵入、吸收和补偿,这其中每一步都涉及到译者主体性的发挥。《兄弟》是余华暌违十年的又一力作,被誉为自己“最厚重最满意”的一部作品,该书2005年一经面世便引起热烈讨论,成为当年畅销书籍。2009年其英译本的诞生在西方世界更是“好评如潮”。北美和英国的主流媒体几乎一致地肯定了《兄弟》的成就,其中《纽约时报》周末杂志用六个版面介绍了《兄弟》和作者余华,称《兄弟》是“中国成功出口的第一本文学作品”。一部译作的优劣很大程度上取决于译者主体性的发挥,《兄弟》英译本的成功离不开译者主体性的发挥,然而以往对于《兄弟》英译的研究多集中于目的论、对等理论和纯语言层面的文化负载词翻译研究,从译者主体性角度进行探究的文章基本没有。故本文拟从斯坦纳的阐释学翻译四步骤的理论对《兄弟》英译本进行考察,采用描述性研究法和对比分析法探究了《兄弟》英译本中译者主体性的体现,从理论角度说明了阐释学与译者主体性之间的内在联系,从实践角度分析了《兄弟》英译本中译者主体性在斯坦纳翻译四步骤中的具体体现以及《兄弟》在海外的成功译介为中国文学走出去提供的有益启示。通过本文的研究不仅表明《兄弟》英译本的成功与译者发挥主观能动性对作品进行理解和阐释的努力分不开,同时也论证了阐释学对译者主体性研究的可行性,拓宽了译者主体性的研究视角,为完善《兄弟》的英译研究做出了贡献。《兄弟》在英语世界的成功译介为中国文学走出去提供了镜鉴和启示:译者模式上应采用中西合璧,翻译选材上应兼具民族本质与世界意识,翻译策略上应平衡可读性与陌生性。更多还原

【Abstract】 In traditional translation studies, the absolute equivalence on linguistic level has been greatly emphasized and translators are required to be absolutely faithful to the original text. Therefore, translators are labeled as "matchmaker""traitor""dancer with bondage"and so on . However, these labels reveal not only characteristics of translation but also the marginalized status of translators in history. As the subject of translation,translator’s subjectivity has been neglected for quite a long time. With the establishment of translation studies being an independent discipline, the research on translation shifts from linguistic level to cultural level. The discussion of cultural turn in translation studies makes translator’s subjectivity more and more prominent. Consequently, studies on translator’s subjectivity has been intensively carried out. Hermeneutics is a philosophic theory concerning the understanding and interpretation of meaning which has an internal and natural relationship with translation. It broadens the horizons and fields for the study of translation and lays theoretical basis for translator’s subjectivity at the same time.George Steiner’s philosophical hermeneutics divides translation process into four moves:trust, aggression, incorporation and compensation and each step involve the display of translator’s subjectivity.Xiongdi is one of Yu Hua’s representative novels, which has been claimed as his most satisfied work. This book once set off heat discussion after publication in 2005 and became the best-seller then. Four years later, the English version came into being and won universal praise in the western world. Translation actually is a process involving translator’s subjectivity which greatly affects the translation result. To guarantee the success of translation work, translators should give their subjectivity into full play during the process of understanding and interpretation. Translator’s subjectivity plays an important role in the success of Brothers but we can barely find a thesis studying the translation of Brothers from the perspective of translator’s subjectivity. Previous studies on the translation of Xiongdi mainly focus on skopos theory, equivalence theory and translation of culture-loaded words from pure linguistic level.This paper intends to explore translators’ subjectivity in Brothers under the guidance of George Steiner’s fourfold hermeneutic motion with the approaches of descriptive research and comparative analysis. The relationship between Hermeneutics and translator’s subjectivity is expounded on theoretical basis; the manifestation of translators’ subjectivity in Brothers is analyzed with examples from Steiner’s fourfold hermeneutic motion. Finally, the exploration of translators’ subjectivity in Brothers provides us with some enlightment on Chinese literature going out.It is found that the success of Brothers is inseparable from the exertion of translators’ subjectivity in understanding and interpretation of original text which improves the studies on Brothers. This is also a beneficial attempt to integrate hermeneutic motion with translator’s subjectivity which provides a new insight into studies on translator’s subjectivity. The success of Brothers in the English world offers some enlightment on Chinese literature going out in the following aspects: firstly, the translation mode should be the combination of Chinese and western translators; secondly,the translation materials should possess the characteristic of both nationality and cosmopolitan; thirdly, the translation strategies should balance between the adequacy and acceptability.更多还原