【作者】 王志鹏；

【导师】 李玩幽；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工程大学 ， 轮机工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 随着绿色船舶技术的发展,船用设备的振动噪声控制越来越受到重视。船舶设备存在着低频线谱幅值较高、激励源控制复杂的特点,传统的隔振系统对于低频线谱的控制效果不明显。本文提出了在隔振系统上安装吸振器的技术手段,一方面利用隔振装置来降低设备的高频振动,另一方面采用吸振器对设备的低频线谱进行控制,从而达到更佳的振动控制效果。首先对不同类型的吸振器进行了介绍和比较,对其各自的优缺点及适用范围进行总结。并针对传统半主动吸振器的缺点,设计了一种新型的电磁式半主动吸振器。该设计消除了弹簧预紧力对于吸振器控制特性的影响,且横向稳定性好,吸振效果大大提高。并且通过实验手段验证了吸振器具有良好的抑振性能。其次讨论了吸振器参数及安装位置对于吸振效果的影响。仿真结果证明;在重心激励的情况下,激励源吸振和传递路径吸振优于被控对象吸振;在偏心激励的情况下,传递路径吸振效果最好,激励源吸振其次,被控对象吸振效果最差。吸振器参数对于振动控制效果的影响如下:吸振器阻尼比越大,吸振效率越低,同时吸振频带越宽;吸振器质量增加,吸振效率提高,同时最佳吸振频率不变。并分别利用电磁式半主动吸振器和悬臂梁式吸振器对实船设备进行了振动控制实验,实验证明吸振器对于单频线谱的吸振效果可达10dB以上。最后本文进一步提出了采用吸振器对隔振系统进行抗冲击控制的方法。与吸振器安装于物体质心的传统方式相比,本文将吸振器布置在振动传递路径上,仿真结果表明此方法可以获得更好的控制效果,论文也对吸振器抗冲性能进行了分析及参数优化。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the developing of the Green Shipping Technology, the vibration control of marine equipment has been drawing more and more attention. There is some peculiarity in marine equipment, such as high amplitude of low-frequency spectral lines and the complex features of the excitation source. The control effect of low-frequency spectral lines traditional is not obvious by using traditional dynamic vibration absorber. The technique of installing dynamic vibration absorber on the vibration isolation system was present in this thesis. On one hand,the high-frequency vibration was reduced using vibration isolation system; On the other hand,the low-frequency spectral lines were controlled using dynamic vibration absorber. Then the better effect of vibration control was achieved.First of all, the different types of dynamic vibration absorbers are introduced and compared, and the advantages and disadvantages were summarized. And a new type of magnetic semi-active dynamic vibration absorber was designed for the shortcomings of the old absorber. The effect of the characteristics of dynamic vibration absorber by preload of spring was eliminated in the new absorber. The stability in lateral was better, and the better effect of vibration control was achieved in the new absorber. The performance was also validated by experimental means.Secondly, the effects for the effect of vibration control were discussed, such as the mounting location and the parameters of absorber. The simulation results show that: The effect of vibration control was bitter when excitation source vibration absorption and transmission paths vibration absorption than when the controlled object vibration absorption;In the case of eccentric incentives, transfer path vibration absorption effect is best, while excitation vibration absorption secondly, and the controlled object vibration absorption effect is the most poor. The influence of the vibration control effect for vibration absorber parameters were as follows: with the higher absorber damping ratio, the lower vibration absorption efficiency, while the more vibration absorption band width; increased absorber quality, the higher vibration absorption efficiency, and optimal vibration absorption frequency unchanged. The experiments of vibration control was conducted in marine equipment respectively using electromagnetic semi-active vibration absorber and cantilever beam-type absorber ,which prove that the absorber effect for single-frequency line spectrum can reach up to 10dB or more.Finally, vibration absorber is used to attenuate and isolate the system’s vibration.Compared with fixed on the barycenter, the small-mass isolator arranged on the transmission path can get better control effect. Also the anti-shock performance of the absorber is analyzed and optimization.更多还原