【作者】 周杰；

【导师】 蔡汉；

【作者基本信息】 扬州大学 ， 园艺（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 土地利用景观格局的变化是自然和人类活动等因素共同作用的结果,研究土地利用景观格局变化的特征及其驱动力有助于保护生态环境、利于土地资源的合理利用及可持续发展。宜兴地处长江三角洲太湖流域,是沪宁杭三角的中心,其优越的地理位置和丰富的自然资源使其成为该片区重要的发展空间。近年来,随着“十一五”和“十二五”规划的推进和实施,宜兴市土地利用结构发生了巨大变化,景观格局随之改变。如何协调经济发展、社会文化和生态环境三者的关系是当前宜兴市全面和谐发展迫切需要解决的的问题。本文选取了宜兴市2002、2008和2014年的遥感影像,基于RS和GIS的研究平台,采用遥感影像处理软件ENVI和景观格局分析软件FRAGSTATS,分析了宜兴市三个时期的土地利用和景观格局变化,探讨了引起变化的驱动力因素。主要研究结果如下:(1)构建宜兴市土地利用分类系统:根据2007年执行的《土地利用现状分类》(GB/T 21010-2007)国家标准,结合研究区遥感数据源30米的空间分辨率情况,将宜兴市土地利用类型分为水域(水域及水利设施用地)、建设用地(城镇及交通用地)、林地、耕地和草地五个一级土地类别。(2)获得宜兴市三个时期土地利用监督分类成果:本文采用最大似然法对宜兴市三个时期的遥感影像进行监督分类,并对分类结果进行精度评价,其总体分类精度分别是85%、83%和87%,KAPPA系数分别是0.83、0.82和0.86,分类精度好,满足研究需求。(3)取得宜兴市三个时期土地利用和景观格局变化特征:基于ENVI软件,从土地变化幅度、转化过程、变化速率三个方面对宜兴市土地利用变化特征进行分析;基于FRAGSTATS软件,从景观类型面积、景观破碎度、景观优势度、景观多样性及均匀度四个方面对宜兴市景观格局的变化特征进行评价。分析可知在2002-2014的十二年间,林地、耕地和草地斑块类型面积呈减少趋势,而建设用地斑块类型面积持续增加,并且土地利用动态度最大;建设用地、林地、耕地三者之间面积转换关系极为密切;水域由于其特殊性,变化不明显。宜兴市总体景观破碎度变大,受外界干扰程度变大;各景观类型优势度差距逐渐缩小;景观多样性和均匀度变大,景观类型趋向于均衡、平稳的发展。(4)探讨宜兴市土地利用景观格局变化的驱动力因素:依据宜兴市三个时期的土地利用景观格局变化情况和数据分析结果,从自然因素、人口数量、经济发展以及政策支持四个方面总结了宜兴市土地利用变化的驱动力。据此,提出控制人口数量、调整产业结构、促进土地集约化、规范土地管理等优化建议措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 The change of land use landscape patterns is the result of combined action by human and natural activities and other factors,research its changed characteristic and driving force are helpful for protecting the ecological environment,rational utilization of the land resources and sustainable development.Yixing is located in Taihu basin of the Yangtze River Delta,is the center of Shanghai,Nanjing and Hangzhou triangles,with the excellent geographical location and rich natural resources make it become an important developing space in this area.In recent years,with the promotion and implementation of“the 11th five-year plan" and“the 12th five-year plan",Yixing land use structure has undergone tremendous changes,landscape pattern changed accordingly.At present,how to coordinate the three relationships of the economic development,social culture and ecological environment is an urgent problem to be solved in the harmonious development in Yixing.This paper selects the remote-sensing images in 2002,in 2008 and in 2014 in Yixing,based on the RS and GIS platforms,using ENVI and FRAGSTATS,to analyze the land use and the change of landscape pattern of three periods in Yixing,discuss the driving force factors caused by the change.Get the result as follows:(1)Construct the land use classification system in Yixing city:according to the "land use classification" national standards,combined with the situation of spatial resolution of remote-sensing data sources in the research area,to divide the land use types into five first classes of water area(water area and land for water facilities),construction land(town and land for transportation),woodland,farmland and grassland in Yixing city.(2)Obtained the results of three periods of land use by supervised classification in Yixing City:This paper uses maximum likelihood to supervised the classification of the remote-sensing images in three periods,and to evaluate the accuracy of the classified results,the overall classified accuracy are separately 85%,83%and 87%,the KAPPA coefficients are respectively 0.83,0.82 and 0.86,the accuracy of the classification is met the demand.(3)Get the analysis results of land use and landscape pattern in three periods in Yixing City:Based on ENVI,the change features of land use in Yixing city is analyzed from three aspects,including land change,conversion process and change rate;based on FRAGSTATS,the author evaluates the change features of landscape pattern in Yixing city from four aspects,including landscape type area,landscape fragmentation,landscape dominance and landscape diversity and uniformity.It can be seen from the analysis that during the 12 years from 2002 to 2014,the patch area of forest land,arable land and grassland has displayed a decreasing tendency,while the patch area of construction land has been increasing continuously,and the dynamic degree of land use was the highest.The relationship of area transformation among construction land,forest land and arable land was extremely closed;water area didn’t have obvious changes due to its particularity.The overall landscape fragmentation of Yixing grew and the degree of external disturbance grew;dominance gap among various landscape gradually shrank;landscape diversity and uniformity became larger,and the development of landscape type tended to be balanced and stable.(4)To explore the driving force factor of the changed land use landscape pattern in Yixing city:According to the changes of land use landscape pattern in Yixing in three periods and the results of data analysis,the author summarizes the driving force of land use in Yixing from four aspects,including natural factor,population size,economic development and policy support.Based on the above,the author puts forward optimizing suggestions and measures,such as controlling the population size,adjusting the industrial structure,promoting the land intensification and standardizing the land management.更多还原