【作者】 王伟；

【导师】 梁留科；

【作者基本信息】 河南大学 ， 人文地理学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 伴随着国民经济的发展、人们闲暇时间的增加及收入水平的提升,旅游正逐渐成为中国居民日常生活的刚性需求。如今,人们的出游方式也发生了较大变化,自驾游受到许多旅游者的青睐。自驾游人数逐渐超过了跟团出游人数,成为当前旅游者最主要的出游方式。这一变化提高了旅游者出游的时效性和便捷性,然而旅游线路的选择与设计问题仍旧是困扰诸多游客出行前的难题。不仅如此,旅游线路的设计也是旅行社行业和自驾游游客关注的首要问题,是旅行社组织旅游活动和自驾游客开展旅游活动的首要环节。合理的旅游线路能够节省旅行社的运营管理费用以及自驾游客的时间、财力成本。因此,如何设计和评价旅游线路、提高旅游线路的效率是旅行社和自驾游客十分关心的问题。河南省是我国重要的旅游大省,在我国旅游业发展中具有重要地位。进入21世纪以来,河南省旅游业发展取得了长足进步,但并不能规避出游前旅游线路的设计与选择难题。本文以河南省内38家四星级旅行社2014年10月份公布的321条省内短期旅游线路和省内2016年10月份调研和网络采集的355条自驾游线路中的游旅比为研究对象,将游旅比概念引入旅游线路设计的问题中,综合运用投影距离、回归分析、对比分析等方法对比分析了在自驾游背景下传统的旅行社旅游线路到个性化的自驾游旅游线路中的游旅比变化情况,并对其影响因素进行了深入分析和探讨,结论如下:从旅游线路有效率比较来看,自驾游旅游线路的综合有效率大于传统旅行社旅游线路有效率。这一差别的主要原因在于,自驾游具有机动灵活的特点,不牵涉到跟团出游等人的现象,且自驾车车速较高,可节省交通时间,从而一日游和二日游线路的有效率较高;从游旅比值中的最小值和均值数据来看,两种出游形式的共同点是游旅比最小值和均值随着旅行天数的增加而增加。同时,旅游线路的有效率总体上也呈现增加的趋势。河南省内短期旅游线路中,游旅比随着出游距离的增加而对数减少。传统旅游线路中二者的具体函数关系式为:R=4.099-0.525lnD,自驾游旅游线路中二者的函数关系式为:R=11.102-1.879lnD。通过计算结果可以看出,两类旅游线路均随着出游距离的增加,游旅比值相应减少,但游客的出游距离并不是无限扩大的,游客对于远程出游的意愿不强,在总旅游线路中的占比较少。传统旅行社线路的游旅比-交通时间存在对数函数关系,函数关系式为:R=4.332-1.559ln Ta。自驾游线路数据游旅比与交通时间之间存在幂函数增加的函数关系,围绕着函数关系式R=0.64+T^0.795集中分布。通过计算,综合来看两种旅游线路游旅比情况,自然类旅游线路游旅比均值最小,其次为人文类旅游线路,综合类旅游线路游旅比值最大。究其原因,综合类旅游线路大多数为多日游路线,减少了至少一趟从出发城市到旅游景区的交通时间,因此,游旅比均值相对最大。人文类旅游景区大多靠近市区,距离旅游市场较近,多为一日近郊游,减少了交通时间,增加了其游旅比值。传统旅行社线路大多采用的出游方式为汽车出游,只有2条旅游线路采用乘坐火车的方式返程。对于传统旅行社出游来说,随着河南省“米”字型高铁网络的全线贯通,提高了河南省八个方向的陆上联系时效性,从而相应地减少了交通时间,选择高铁出游的方式将大大增加游旅比值。自驾游旅游线路,顾名思义出游方式均采用汽车方式出游。对于自驾游来说,随着河南省内高速公路网密度的增加,出游距离将逐渐增加,三小时出游圈由之前普通公路的150-200km增加至现有高速路的300km以上。对游客而言,随着我国经济的发展和收入的增加,在不考虑出行成本的基础之上,选择较快的高速出游方式,减少不必要的出游时间,在同样出游距离的前提下,提高旅游线路的游旅比,对游客的出行来讲是一个更好的选择。在传统旅行社线路中,游旅比值与线路报价存在的具体函数关系式为:R=1.116+0.002x。而在自驾游旅游线路数据显示中,各种模型条件下的F值和R²值均较低,且模型的可靠性和方程的拟合优度均较低,不能表达二者之间的模型关系式。造成这一现象的原因一方面因为自驾游旅游景区门票和景区线路长度（自驾游是否走高速）存在不确定性,另一方面因为各个自驾游出游人员的购物习惯、餐饮习惯和住宿条件要求不同。更多还原

【Abstract】 Together with the development of national economy,the increase of leisure time and the elevation of income level,tourism gradually becomes the rigid demand of Chinese residents in daily life.In the meanwhile,the way of travel also undergoes great changes.Self-driving travel obtains great popularity among numerous tourists.The number of self-driving tourists gradually exceeds the number of group tourists and self-driving accordingly becomes the most predominant travel way of tourists at present.Such change improves the timeliness and convenience of tourists during travel.Even so,the selection and design of travel route remain to be the difficulty confronted by many tourists.The design of tourism route is the prime problem that travel agency and self-driving tourists should pay attention to and the prime link of tourism activities organized by the travel agency and self-driving tourists.Reasonable tourism route could save the operation management fees of travel agency and the time and cost of self-driving tourists.As a consequence,how to design and assess tourism route and improve the efficiency of tourism route is the concern of travel agency and self-driving tourists.As an important tourism province in China,Henan Province occupies an important status in domestic tourism industry development.Ever since the 21 st century,Henan tourism industry has obtained significant progress.However,the tourism route design and selection difficulties should not be avoided as well.Taking the travel ratio of 321 provincial short-term tourism routes released by 38 Four-Star travel agency in Henan Province in October 2014 and 381 self-driving routes released in the investigation in October 2016 as the research targets,this thesis introduces the concept of travel ratio into tourism route design problems and comprehensively adopts projection distance,regression analysis and comparative analysis methods to have a comparative analysis on the variation of travel ratio from traditional travel agency tourism route to self-driving tourism route under the context of self-driving.In the end,this thesis also conducts an in-depth analysis and exploration on corresponding influential factors and derives the conclusions as follows.According to the comparison of travel route efficiency,the comprehensive efficiency of self-driving tourism route is much larger than that of traditional travel agency.The main cause of such difference mainly lies in the fact that self-driving possesses flexible characters and avoids group travel phenomena.Moreover,with relatively higher driving speed,self-driving could save considerable driving time.Therefore,self-driving has relatively higher efficiency in one-day tour and two-day tour.According to the minimum value and mean value data in travel ratio,the common point of the two travel modes is that both the minimum value and mean value of travel ratio would increase with the days of travel.At the same time,the efficiency of tourism route presents the onward tendency in general.As for the short-term tourism route in Henan province,the travel ratio would logarithmically decrease with the increase of travel distance.In traditional travel route,the concrete function relationship expression between the two is R=4.099-0.525 lnD.In self-driving travel route,the function relationship expression is R=11.102-1.879 lnD.Pursuant to the calculation results,both of the two tourism routes would increase with the travel distance but corresponding travel ratio would accordingly decrease.However,the travel distance of tourists is not infinitely enlarged.Tourists have less strong willingness for distant travel and ling-distance travel merely accounts for a small percentage in overall travel routes.There exists a logarithmic functional relationship between travel ratio and transportation time in traditional tourism agency route,which could be expressed with the following expression as R=4.332-1.559 ln Ta.There has a functional relationship with power function increase between self-driving tourism route data travel ratio and transportation time,which could be expressed with the following expression as R=0.64+T0.795.Throughout the calculation and comprehensive analysis of travel ratio in two travel routes,it could be found out that mean value of natural tourism route travel ratio is minimum,successively followed by humanistic tourism route and comprehensive tourism route.As for the fundamental cause,the reason lies in the fact that comprehensive tourism route is mostly multi-day tourism route,and such route decreases the transportation time from departure city to tourism resorts.Therefore,multi-day tourism route has the relatively maximum travel ratio.Near to the downtown area,humanistic tourism area travel route is mostly one-day short-distance travel and such route decrease the transportation time but increases the travel ratio.Traditional travel agency route mostly adopts buss travel mode and only two tourism routes utilize train taking travel mode.The so-called self-driving travel route always resorts to the bus travel mode.As for traditional travel agency tourism,the connection of high-speed rail network in the form of Chinese letter “Mi” in Henan Province improves the timeliness of land connection in eight directions,thus decreasing the transportation time correspondingly.In this way,the travel ratio of high-speed rail travel route would be greatly increased.As for the self-driving traveling,the gradual increase of provincial expressway network density and travel distance would increase the three-hour travel distance from original 150-200 km(on common road)to over 300km(on high-speed expressway).From the perspective of tourists,along with the development of national economy and the increase of income,they prefer to select high-speed travel mode and decrease unnecessary travel time without any consideration of travel costs.On the premise of similar travel distance,increasing the travel ratio of the travel route is a better choice for tourists.In traditional travel agency route,the functional relationship expression between travel ratio and route price is R=1.116+0.002 x.As indicated by the data in self-driving tourism route,both the F value and R2 value in various modeling conditions are much lower.This is also true for the reliability of model and goodness-of-fit of equation.Therefore,the functional relationship expression between the two could not be expressed.This phenomenon is formed by two causes.On the one hand,there exist uncertainties in the ticket of self-driving tourism attraction and the length of attraction route(whether the self-driving tourism chooses high-speed expressway).On the other hand,different tourists of self-driving route have different requirements for shopping habits,catering habits and accommodation conditions.更多还原