【作者】 陈明；

【导师】 郑欣；

【作者基本信息】 南京大学 ， 传播学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 伴随着工业化、城市化进程,农村家庭中的父辈纷纷选择外出务工,他们在外出后多会把子辈交给祖辈照顾,也因此由祖辈和子辈组成的留守儿童家庭成为目前农村社会最多、最常见的家庭结构,隔代教育成为留守儿童最主要的家庭教育方式。这一现象也进入到学者的视野,很多研究者都做了相应的研究,探讨了隔代教育产生的原因、存在的主要问题、对留守儿童的影响及其优劣势等。而在本研究中,研究者将目光集中在隔代互动上,从人际传播的角度去考察留守儿童家庭中祖父母与留守儿童所进行的隔代互动,关注这种互动形式与传统家庭的代际互动在形式、内容等方面的异同,探讨在隔代互动过程中形成的代际关系与原先家庭内部代际关系的差异及其对留守儿童成长等方面的影响。研究者通过对D村9个隔代监护留守儿童家庭和6个三代同堂家庭的比较研究发现,在共同的家庭目标引导下,留守儿童家庭中父辈外出打工,祖辈则主要负责抚养子辈,并把这视为自己应尽的义务。祖辈在抚养子辈的同时,基本上都会从事农业劳动以减轻父辈的负担。年龄较大的祖辈干的农活较少,在经济上需要父辈提供支持;较为年轻的祖辈在经济、生活上都很独立,不需要父辈在物质上的支持,甚至自己出钱抚养子辈。祖辈如父母一般尽心尽力地抚养子辈,相当于再做一次父母,在这个过程中祖辈也重新体会到了为人父母的喜怒哀乐。然而,由于自身文化水平、教育观念、教育方法和身体等诸多限制,祖辈很少主动教育子辈,对子辈多采取放任的态度;子辈的家庭教育主要依靠祖辈的潜移默化,祖辈通过日常生活将自己的习惯、言行举止、观念等展现出来,子辈也逐渐形成了和祖辈相似的习惯、言行举止、观念。祖辈费尽心力抚养子辈,虽说并不期望子辈有朝一日能够有所回报,但子辈还是用自己的实际行动来表达对祖辈的感激。在长期的共同生活中,祖辈与子辈之间形成了一种远比一般祖孙关系深厚的"拟亲子关系",这种稳定、可靠的关系给子辈的成长提供了强大的支撑,但同时也影响着父辈与子辈间的关系,甚至会对亲子关系产生威胁。祖辈不以对子辈的养育之恩要求子辈回报,却把这当作要求父辈日后赡养自己的筹码,以此增加老年生活的保障。祖辈与父辈在赡养老人的问题上并不存在太大的争议,双方都一致认为父辈理所应当在祖辈丧失劳动能力后在家赡养祖辈。就整个家庭的代际关系而言,留守儿童家庭中祖父子三代人的关系还表现出一个明显的特征——重小轻老,家庭代际关系重心下移,祖辈与父辈的付出最终都是为了子辈。可以说,隔代互动的意义和影响都是非常巨大的,它补偿替代了亲子关系、引起家庭结构与功能的调整,加速了农村社会、农村文化走向衰落。更多还原

【Abstract】 Along with the industrialization and urbanization process,many parents in rural families go out to work,leaving children to their grandparents.The old people and children form the most common family structure,children educated by grandparents become the main family education method of the left-behind children.This phenomenon entered the scholars’ field of vision,many of them have done a corresponding study,including the causes of rural left-behind children’s reared by grandparents,the main problems,the impact on children,the advantages and disadvantages of it,and so on.While in this study,researcher will focus on generation interaction,from the perspective of interpersonal communication to study the generation interaction between the left-behind children and grandparents in their families,paying attention to the similarities and differences between tradition families and left-behind children’s families in generation interaction form,content and other aspects,exploring the generation relations differences between original families and left-behind children’s families and the effects on children’s growth.Through the comparison study in D village with 9 left-behind children’s families and 6 traditional families,researcher found that under the guidance of common family goals,parents in left-behind children’s families migrate to work,while grandparents are mainly responsible for raising children and regards this as their own obligations.At the same time,most grandparents are engaged in agricultural work to reduce the burden of parents.Older grandparents do less farm and need economical support from parents;while younger grandparents are independent in daily life and economy,they don’t need economical support from parents,they even use their own money to raise left-behind children.Grandparents raise left-behind children as their own kids,equivalent of being parents again,they also recapture parents’ feelings in the process.However,limited by their own literacy standards,educational concepts,educational methods,physical conditions and many other factors,grandparents rarely take the initiative to educate left-behind children,and take a laissez-faire attitude to them.The left-behind children’s family education mainly relies on subtle influence of the grandparents.Grandparents showed everything to left-behind children in daily life,including their habits,behaviors,concepts and so on,undoubtedly children gradually become similar with their grandparents in many ways.Although grandparents don’t expect any payback from left-behind children,children try hard to express their gratitude in practical action.In the long term of common life,grandparents and left-behind children formed a similarly parent-child relationship,which is far more deep than general grandparents and grandchild relationship.This stable and reliable relationship provides a strong support to the growth of left-behind children,but it also affects the relationship between parents and children,even threatens their relationship sometimes.Grandparents don’t need left-behind children’s return,nevertheless they regard it as strategic chip to require parents’ support in the future,in order to increase living guarantee in their later years.Grandparents and parents don’t have much dispute about supporting the old,both of them agreed that parents should take care of grandparents at home when they totally lose their able to work.In relation to the intergenerational relations of the whole family,left-behind children’s family also showed a distinct characteristic,drawing attention to children and ignoring grandparents,family generation relationship canter moves downward,both grandparents and parents are paying for left-behind children.In the end,the meaning and influence of generation interaction is very great,it compensates for the parent-child relationship,causes the adjustment of family structure and function,accelerates the rural society and culture to decline.更多还原