【作者】 刘健；

【导师】 于建群；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 水稻作为我国主要粮食作物之一,其种植面积非常大,大约占粮食总种植面积的四分之一以上,并且产量占粮食总产量的一半左右,是单产和总产量都很高的粮食作物。因此抓好水稻的生产工作,对发展粮食生产的目标具有举足轻重的影响。我国水稻种植基本都是采用人工育秧、插秧、收获的方式,但是这种种植方式劳动强度大,工作效率低,季节性强。因此,加快发展水稻生产机械化,不仅可以有效争抢农时,减少自然灾害对作物带来的损伤,增加作物的种植面积,还能够提高水稻的产量,降低生产成本,减轻劳动人民的负担。同时,推进水稻主要产区生产的机械化以及新的科技技术在水稻生产上的应用、节约劳动成本、提高生产效率和救灾减灾能力,是提高水稻生产能力、加快发展水稻生产的重要技术手段。本文首先分析了钵苗移栽相对毯状苗移栽的优点,以及国内外水稻移栽机构的研究现状和存在的问题。然后在课题组已研制的移栽机构的基础上,分析其优缺点,在取长避短的原则下,针对其存在的问题(不完全齿轮在高速运转时,移栽机构产生的振动较大),提出一种新的移栽机构方案,即以完全齿轮结构代替其不完全齿轮结构完成钵苗移栽机构的工作。通过阅读文献,基于行星齿轮的工作原理,推导出复杂轨迹所需齿轮的设计公式,并以此编写出一款齿轮设计软件。利用齿轮设计软件和三维建模软件Pro/E对新方案中的齿轮进行建模,并进行齿轮啮合试验,确定出齿轮回转中心。对移栽机构秧夹进行改进,增加推秧结构,与新方案移栽机构的其余零件一起进行装配,将装配模型导入到仿真软件RecurDyn中。在RecurDyn中,借助虚拟样机技术,对装配模型添加适当约束,进行仿真分析。对仿真后轨迹进行优化,确定出最优轨迹下齿轮参数。分析该齿轮参数下秧夹速度和齿轮受力情况,发现其满足水稻移栽的农艺要求。最后进行新移栽机构的台架试验,利用3D打印技术,制造出新型钵苗移栽机构的各个零件,根据移栽机构的工作原理,将各个零件进行装配。将试验仪器和材料都准备完成后,借助高速摄像技术,记录下不同转速钵苗移栽机构的工作过程。借助高速摄像软件对移栽轨迹和移栽效果进行分析,发现新方案钵苗移栽机构的静轨迹以及钵苗移栽效果都达到了预期效果,初步证明了新方案设计的可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rice is one of the major food crops in China,its planting area is very large,accounting for about one quarter of the total food area,and it’s production accounts for about half of total grain output,so it’s yield and total output both are very high in food crops.Doing a good job of rice production has a very important impact on food production.China’s rice cultivation methods are mainly including artificial breeding,planting,harvesting and so on,but this kind of planting method’s labor intensity is high and efficiency is low.Therefore,speeding up the development of rice production mechanization,not only can save time,reduce the damage caused by natural disasters to crops,increase crops acreage,but also can improve the yield of rice,reduce cost of production and the burden on working people.At the same time,Promoting the mechanization of rice production in major producing areas and the application of new technology in rice production,saving labor costs,improving production efficiency and disaster relief capacity,these are all to improve rice production capacity,accelerate the development of rice production of important technical means.The advantages of transplanting bowl seedlings and the current situation and existing problems of rice transplanting mechanism at home and abroad are analyzed in this paper.Then on the basis of the existing transplanting institutions,analysis of its advantages and disadvantages,for the existence of the problem(in the case of incomplete gears,the vibration generated by the transplanting mechanism is large),proposing a new program of transplanting mechanism,namely,replacing the incomplete gear with complete gear to complete the work of transplanting.By reading the literature and basing on the working principle of planetary gears,derives the gear design formula and designs a gear software.Using gear design software and 3D modeling software Pro / E to model gears in new solutions,through the gear meshing test,determine the gear rotation center.Improving the transplanting machine,increasing the push seedling structure,then putting the parts of the transplanting mechanism assemble together.Importing the assembly model into the simulation software RecurDyn,analyzing assembly model with virtual prototyping technology.The trajectory is optimized to determine the gear parameters under the optimal trajectory.Analysis of gear speed and gear force,found to meet the requirements of rice transplanting agronomic.Finally,the transplanting mechanism is tested,using 3D printing technology,to create the various parts of new bowl seedlings transplanting mechanism.According to the working principle of the transplanting mechanism,the parts are assembled.After the test equipment and materials are ready to complete,with high-speed camera technology,record the different speed of seedlings transplanting plant work process.The results show that the static trajectory of the transplanting mechanism and the transplanting effect of the seedlings have reached the expected effect,and the feasibility of the new scheme is proved by the high speed camera software.更多还原