【作者】 杨光；

【导师】 于雅琴；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 流行病与卫生统计学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 目的:掌握2012年吉林省长春市成年居民慢性病患病疾病谱以及相关危险因素的分布情况,为制定长春市慢性病防治的策略措施以及改善城乡居民健康状况的对策提供科学依据。方法:利用课题组2012年完成的“吉林省成人慢性病及其危险因素调查”数据库,抽取其中所有长春市18~79岁的居民,共5903人的调查数据,主要包括人口学基本信息(年龄、性别、民族、受教育程度、婚姻状况、家庭人均月收入等)、行为因素(吸烟、饮酒、饮食情况、参加体育活动等)、体格检查结果(身高、体重、腰围等),以及主要慢性病患病情况等变量。使用SPSS22.0统计软件对数据进行整理和分析。根据2010年的长春市人口普查结果,以性别、年龄和城乡分布为分层因素,采用复杂加权的方法统计慢性病患病率,不同人群间的慢性病患病率的比较采用基于复杂抽样的Rao-Scottc2检验。结果:1.2012年长春市成年居民慢性病总患病率为54.7%。随年龄增加,慢性病患病率呈现逐渐上升趋势。农村(63.0%)地区患病率高于城镇(48.3%),女性居民(60.8%)患病率高于男性(48.5%)。不同婚姻状况(2=486.415,P<0.001)、不同职业类型(2=310.659,P<0.001)、不同受教育程度(2=377.727,P<0.001)、不同家庭人均月收入(2=287.235,P<0.001)、不同吸烟状况(2=36.570,P<0.001)、不同饮酒状况(2=60.575,P<0.001)、不同BMI水平(分别为超重:2=20.684,P<0.001,肥胖:2=30.488,P<0.001)、不同身体锻炼情况(2=186.405,P<0.001)以及不同饮食习惯(分别为饮食习惯类型:2=103.984,P<0.001,饮食是否规律:2=17.800,P=0.001,饮食咸淡:2=18.247,P=0.001,是否每天吃早餐:2=84.007,P<0.001,是否经常食用蔬菜:2=46.922,P<0.001,是否经常食用水果:2=75.026,P<0.001,是否经常食用蛋类及豆制品:2=13.668,P=0.009,是否经常食用奶类及奶制品:2=181.579,P<0.001)的成年居民慢性病患病率分布差异均有统计学意义。2.2012年长春市成年居民自我报告系统别慢性病患病率排在前十位的依次为:循环系统疾病(25.4%);消化系统疾病(19.4%);骨骼肌肉和结缔组织疾病(19.2%);泌尿生殖系统疾病(14.0%);内分泌、营养和代谢疾病(8.1%);呼吸系统疾病(6.7%);血液及免疫系统疾病(5.1%);眼及附属器疾病(3.2%);神经系统疾病(0.7%);精神和行为障碍(0.3%)。3.2012年长春市成年居民自我报告疾病别慢性病患病率排在前十位的依次为:高血压(13.3%);椎间盘疾病(12.7%);慢性胃肠炎及溃疡(10.8%);缺血性心脏病(7.9%);关节炎(7.0%);脑血管病(6.7%);胆囊炎(6.3%);糖尿病(5.2%);慢性阻塞性肺疾病(3.4%);贫血(3.0%)。4.2012年长春市成年居民,现在吸烟的比例为30.6%,饮酒率为29.3%,超重和肥胖率分别为31.3%和14.4%,缺乏体育锻炼的比例为43.4%,饮食习惯不健康的比例为7.5%,饮食不规律的比例为24.9%,食盐摄入过多的比例为36.6%,不吃早餐者的比例为23.0%,新鲜蔬菜摄入不足的比例为12.8%,新鲜水果摄入不足的比例为43.9%,蛋类及豆制品摄入不足的比例为9.4%,奶类及奶制品摄入不足的比例为57.6%。结论:1.长春市成年居民慢性病患病率高于吉林省平均水平。2.系统别慢性病中,循环系统、消化系统以及骨骼肌肉和结缔组织疾病较为流行,疾病别慢性病中,高血压、椎间盘疾病以及慢性胃肠炎及溃疡较为流行。3.长春市成年居民吸烟率、经常饮酒率、超重和肥胖比例、缺乏体育锻炼比例较高,不健康饮食习惯,饮食不规律、食盐摄入过多、不吃早餐、蔬菜水果摄入不足、蛋类及豆制品摄入不足、奶类及奶制品摄入不足等问题较严重;针对目前长春市慢性病的患病情况,应当进一步加强重点人群的健康教育与健康促进工作,定期进行健康体检和疾病筛查,提倡健康的生活方式,并且逐步加强高危人群和慢性病患者的规范化管理工作。更多还原

【Abstract】 Objectives:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors of chronic diseases among adult of Changchun in Jilin Province in 2012.To provide a scientific basis for the formulation of strategic measures to control and prevent the chronic diseases and to improve the health status of residents in Changchun.Methods:We extracted the data of 5903 residents in Changchun from the database of“survey of adult chronic diseases and risk factors in Jilin Province” completed in 2012.The data mainly included: demographic basic information(age,sex,ethnicity,education level,marital status,household per capita monthly income,etc.);behavioral factors(smoking,drinking,diet,physical activity,etc.);physical examination(height,weight,waist circumference,etc.)and major chronic diseases.SPSS 22.0 statistical software was used to sort and analyze the data.According to the results of census in Changchun 2010,the prevalence of chronic diseases was calculated by the method of complex weighting with sex,age and urban-rural distribution.The prevalence of chronic disease among different populations was compared using a Rao-Scott c 2test based on complex sampling.Results:1.The prevalence of chronic diseases was 54.7% in adult residents in Changchun.The prevalence of chronic diseases showed a gradual upward trend with age increasing.The prevalence in rural areas was higher than that of urban areas,and the prevalence of female residents was higher than that of males.There were significant differences in the prevalence of chronic diseases among adult residents with different marital status,occupational types,educational levels,household income per capita,smoking status,drinking conditions,BMI levels and so on.2.According to the prevalence of system chronic diseases in Changchun,theprevalence of circulation system disease was 25.4%;the prevalence of digestive system diseases was 19.4%;the prevalence of skeletal muscle and connective tissue disease was 19.2%;the prevalence of urinary and reproductive system disease was14.0%;the prevalence of endocrine,nutritional and metabolic diseases was 8.1%;the prevalence of respiratory system disease was 6.7%;the prevalence of blood and immune system disease was 5.1%;the prevalence of eye and appendage disease was3.2%;the prevalence of nervous system disease was 0.7%;the prevalence of mental and behavioral disorders was 0.3%.3.The top ten prevalence of self-reported chronic diseases in Changchun were:hypertension(13.3%);intervertebral disc disease(12.7%);chronic gastroenteritis and ulcer(10.8%);ischemic heart disease(7.9%);arthritis(7.0%);cerebrovascular disease(6.7%);cholesterol(6.3%);diabetes(5.2%);chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(3.4%);anemia(3.0%).4.The proportion of current smoking was 30.6%;drinking was 29.3%;overweight and obesity were 31.3% and 14.4%;lack of physical exercise was 43.4%;unhealthy eating habit was 7.5%;irregular diet was 24.9%;salt intake excessively was 36.6%;those who do not eat breakfast was 23.0%;fresh vegetables intake insufficiently was 12.8%;fresh fruit intake insufficiently was 43.9%;eggs and soy flour intake insufficiently was 9.4%;milk and dairy products intake insufficiently was57.6%.Conclusion:1.The prevalence of chronic diseases of adult residents in Changchun was higher than that in Jilin Province.2.According to the system disease,circulatory system,digestive system and skeletal muscle and connective tissue diseases were more prevalent.3.According to the disease,hypertension,intervertebral disc disease and chronic gastroenteritis and ulcers were more prevalent.The main risk factors were: smoking,drinking,overweight and obesity,lack of physical exercise,unhealthy eating habits,irregular diet,excessive salt intake,do not eat breakfast,and inadequate intake of fruits and vegetables.In view of the current condition of chronic diseases in Changchun,we should further strengthen the health education and health promotion work,carry out regular physical examination and screening,promote healthy lifestyle,and gradually strengthen the standardized management of high-risk groups andchronic diseases.更多还原