【作者】 黄珊珊；

【导师】 陈海涛；

【作者基本信息】 东北农业大学 ， 农业机械化工程， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 良种的培育与推广是农业上增产的重要途径之一,为育种工作者配备适宜的小区播种机械能够缩短育种周期、提高作物育种精度,对于提高我国的粮食产量具有非常重要的作用。本研究是在国家现代农业产业技术体系专项资金项目(nycytx-004)的支持下完成的。在深入研究大豆小区育种农艺要求的基础上,采用理论分析、动力学仿真分析、有限元工程分析和试验研究相结合的方法,对2BXJ-4A1型大豆小区育种播种机及其关键部件进行了较系统的研究,主要研究内容和取得的成果如下:(1)为满足小区育种播种机播种时不混种、换种便捷等作业要求,解决插装式排种系统所造成的空行程过大和清种不彻底的问题,设计了一种弧形齿条式预充种清种机构。通过理论分析确定了弧形齿条基本参数和首末齿的齿顶降低系数,应用ADAMS软件进行了齿轮与弧形齿条啮合仿真,仿真结果表明设计满足要求。以绥农26大豆品种为试验材料对改进前后的排种系统进行性能对比试验,试验结果表明,弧形轨迹插装式排种系统的空行程距离缩短到0.5 m以内,且能够快速实现无混杂换种,满足设计要求。(2)采用Solidworks软件虚拟样机设计方法,针对2BXJ-4A1型大豆小区育种播种机进行了整机虚拟建模,并应用ANSYS17.0有限元工程分析软件对悬挂主机架和单体机架分别进行了有限元静力学分析和模态分析,结果表明,悬挂主机架在采用60~70 cm之间垄距的单体挂接方式时都能满足实际作业时的强度要求,且播种单体机架在工作过程中不会出现共振现象,满足设计要求。(3)依据国家标准《单粒(精密)播种机试验方法》对2BXJ-4A1型大豆小区育种播种机样机进行了田间性能验证试验。结果表明,该播种机在6 cm、8 cm和10 cm三种理论株距下,其粒距合格率、漏播指数、重播指数、变异系数以及播深合格率均达到了国家标准《中耕作物精密播种机产品质量分等》中一等品以上的标准,播种均匀,播深一致,满足育种播种机的技术要求和育种农艺要求,且整机作业性能稳定、传动可靠、株距调节范围满足育种要求。(4)在2BXJ-4A1型大豆小区育种播种机样机研究的基础上,针对小区育种试验中清换种频繁的特点,进一步设计了气吸式自动清种系统。以单片机为主控单元进行控制系统的设计,通过按键控制电控阀门的开启关闭进行清种操作,并对清种时间的设置进行了验证试验。试验结果表明,该系统能够实现残余种子彻底清除功能,提高了清种作业的效率,为后续全自动化设计提供了基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Thoroughbred breeding and popularization is one of the important means of agricultural increase production,providing the suitable plot seeder for breeding staff can shorten the breeding cycle and improve the accuracy of crop breeding,which is of great importance significance to the increasement of China’s grain production.The study is completed with the support of the national modern agriculture industry technology system research "Soybean production facilities and equipment special fund project"(nycytx-004).On the basis of in-depth study of soybean plot breeding agronomic requirements,launches the research about the precision seeder for plot-soybean breeding and the related key parts by the methods of the theoretical analysis,ADAMS simulation analysis,finite element engineering analysis and experimental research investigation,the main research contents are as follows:(1)In order to satisfy following requirements of sub-district seeding without hybrid and another convenient,solve the bigger idle running and incomplete seed-clearing,the pre filling seed-clearing institution form of curved arc for the insert-metering device was designed.The theoretical analysis was used to determine the basic parameters of the arc rack and the decreasing coefficient for the fore and aft tooth addendum,and the results of the gear mesh with arc rack simulation based on ADAMS software showed that the design met the requirements.The soybean Suinong 26 was selected as experimental material,performance comparisons test results of the suction drum-type seed metering system before and after improvement showed that,the idle running of the improved insert-metering system was within 0.42 m and quickly insertion and extraction to accomplish another without hybrid which met the design requirements,laid a solid foundation on the development of the series of soybean breeding seeder.(2)The design adopts the technology of virtual prototyping with the Solidworks software,created the model of the 2BXJ-4A1 precision spaced seeder,and applied ANSYS17.0 finite element analysis software for finite element analysis of the hang main frame and modal analysis of the unit frame,the analysis results show that the design of the hang main frame in the 60 cm,65 cm,70 cm from the three kinds of row spacing for the monomer articulated way can meet the requirements of the strength of the actual operation,and monomer frame will not apper the resonance phenomenon in the working process.(3)The performance reliability of 2BXJ-4A1 precision spaced seeder was tested according to《Single(Precision)Method of Drill》,the result indicated that the performance index of seeder meter can reach the first-class standard of 《 Quality Classification of Precision Seeder for Inter-cultivation Crop》,satisfied the agricultural technology requirement and agronomic demands of the soybean plots breeding experiment,and the seeder had stabal working property,reliable transmission,and the adjustable range of planting distance can also meet the requirements of breeding and uniform sowing,consistent sowing depth.(4)For the seed-clearing and another frequently in the prototype plot breeding test,air suction type automatic cleaning system was designed,with the single chip microcomputer as the control unit for the design of control system,by the key operation of electric control valve open and closed for cleaning,and design the the validation test about the setting seed-clearing time,after debugging the system can realize automatic clearing completely,improve the efficiency of the seed-clearing operation,provides research foundation on the designed of the follow-up full automatic design.更多还原