【作者】 张强；

【导师】 高瑛；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 程式语一般被认为是“一个序列、词汇或者其他看起来像预制好的意义成分的连续体或非连续体:也就是说,在使用的时候在记忆中整体储存或整体提取的,而不是屈从于由语言语法所生成或分析的序列”(Wray,2002:9,引自李美霞,2011:11)。语料库研究表明,程式语可以根据自身语法特征进行结构分类,也可以通过表达的意义进行功能分类。结构分类可以分为会话结构和学术结构;功能分类可以分为立场、组织、指代。分类有助于对程式语做更加深入的分析。目前,英语母语者和英语学习者的写作是主要研究对象,普遍从语料库语言学的角度,进行单独研究或者对比研究。这些研究表明程式语能够促进英语水平的提高。但是,程式语在英语专业四八级考试写作中的使用情况却少有研究,而且程式语的使用是否对英语专业学生的写作有积极作用,以及哪种程式语的使用对英语专业学生的写作有积极作用也尚未知晓。在本文中,针对英语专业四八级考试写作,围绕英语专业学生程式语使用的状况展开了细致的研究和分析,以期能够解答以下三个研究问题:(1)在英语专业四八级考试写作中,程式语的分布状况和使用频率是什么?(2)英语专业四级考试写作和英语专业八级考试写作中,正确使用和错误使用的程式语的相似之处和不同之处是什么?(3)在英语专业四八级考试写作中,程式语的使用和最后学生的写作成绩是否有相关关系,相关程度如何?研究的具体步骤为:首先从CEM(英语语料库)的专四专八考试写作中分别随机选取163篇和160篇作文。然后参照Biber等人的研究,使用AntConc软件对这些作文中的程式语进行抽取,并在语法结构和功能上对它们进行分类,作为研究对象。最后使用SPSS软件进行数据处理,用于分析和讨论,获得研究结果。研究的统计结果显示:首先,专四专八考试写作中,程式语在结构分类和功能分类上均有分布,使用频率各不相同。结构分类上,专四和专八考试写作中的会话结构程式语的分布频率都相对更高;功能分类上,专四考试写作的立场程式语分布频率最高,但在专八考试写作中却最低。其次,以上结果表明,虽然专八考试写作比专四考试写作口语化程度低,但是两者均显示出一定程度的口语化倾向。因此,专四考试写作中的程式语和专八考试写作中的程式语在使用上没有本质的差别。此外,专四专八考试写作中,学术结构的程式语和写作成绩存在显著正相关关系,而会话结构的程式语和写作成绩存在显著负相关关系。因此,写作的口语化程度越低写作的质量越高。以上研究发现证实,程式语在提高语言水平和英语写作质量上有促进作用,且书面体的程式语对写作质量有明显的积极促进作用。因此,英语学习者有必要对程式语给以更多关注。尤其在实际使用当中,程式语的语体问题更是要特别关注。对教师而言,在程式语方面也要对学生进行有意识的引导,使学生能够有意识的进行积累,并在实际使用当中付诸实践。虽然本研究有一定的理论意义和应用价值,但是由于取样的随机性以及所研究的程式语种类的限制,本文也难免有一定的局限性。更多还原

【Abstract】 Formulaic expressions are widely accepted as “a sequence,continuous or discontinuous,of words or other elements,which is,or appears to be,prefabricated:that is,stored and retrieved whole from memory at the time of use,rather than being subject to generation or analysis by the language grammar”(Wray,2002: 9).Corpus studies show that,for further analysis,they can be classified either structurally based on the structural characteristics or functionally on the meanings expressed.Structurally,they can be sub-categorized into conversational and academic;and functionally,they can be sub-categorized into stance,organizing,and referential.Writings by native English speakers and by English learners are either studied or compared abroad and at home involving corpus linguistics,the results of which show that formulaic expressions contribute to language proficiency.However,there are not many researches on formulaic expressions in TEM-4 and TEM-8 writings.It is still not known that whether and what types of formulaic expressions contribute to students’ writing.In this paper,formulaic expressions used by students in TEM-4 and TEM-8writings are carefully analyzed in order to answer the following three research questions:(1)What are the frequency and distribution of formulaic expressions used in TEM-4 and TEM-8 writings?(2)What are the similarities and differences in the use(correct use and misuse)of formulaic expressions in TEM-4 and TEM-8 writings?(3)How does the use of formulaic expressions correlate with students’ writing achievements in TEM-4 and TEM-8 writings respectively?To answer the above questions,first,163 TEM-4 writings and 160 TEM-8writings are randomly selected from CEM(Corpus for English Majors)as samples.Second,formulaic expressions are extracted from these sample writings by Ant Conc and categorized both structurally and functionally based on the former studies by Biber et al.(1999,2004)as subject of study.Last,the statistics are processed by SPSS for the analysis of subject in obtaining the results of the study.Results of the study show that: first,formulaic expressions are distributed across the structural and functional taxonomies with respective frequencies.Structurally,there is a higher frequency in conversational distribution in both TEM-4 and TEM-8writings;functionally,stance distribution has the highest frequency in TEM-4 writings,whereas the opposite is shown in TEM-8 writings.The above results together indicate that both TEM-4 and TEM-8 writings have a propensity of being conversational,though TEM-8 writings are less conversational than TEM-4 writings.Based on this,the difference between the use of formulaic expressions in TEM-4 writings and TEM-8 writings is not a qualitative one.Apart from this,academic formulaic expressions positively correlate with the writing achievements,whereas conversational formulaic expressions negatively correlate with the writing achievements;therefore,a higher academic degree results in a higher quality of the writing.The findings indicate that formulaic expressions,especially academic formulaic expressions,contribute to language proficiency and the quality of English writings.Thus,it is necessary for English learners to pay special attention to formulaic expressions,especially the distinction of register in actual use.On the part of the teacher,it is necessary for them to guide learners consciously in formulaic expressions,which can work as the basis for learners’ conscious acquisition and production of formulaic expressions in real context.Even though the study has certain value in theory and application,there are also limitations in this study due to the sampling and the coverage of the types of formulaic expressions analyzed.更多还原