【作者】 赵妍；

【导师】 宁平；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 多丽丝·莱辛是20世纪英国文坛最杰出的女作家之一,被誉为“继弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫之后最伟大的女作家”。作为一名女性作家,莱辛始终关注女性的命运及其人生探索。《金色笔记》被认为是莱辛最成功的作品。自《金色笔记》出版以来,国内外学者从写作主题、写作技巧等不同视角予以研究分析这一作品。但是,鲜有学者运用波伏娃的存在女性主义理论分析解读该作品,相关研究并不丰富,因而笔者试图从波伏娃的存在女性主义视角出发,以文本细读为基础,分析和讨论《金色笔记》中安娜和马莉恩的他者形象及其原因,并探讨她们如何挣脱自身他者地位的束缚,从而走上追求自由之路。论文共分六章:第一章为引言部分,简要介绍多丽丝·莱辛的生平及其《金色笔记》的主要内容,并阐释了本文的结构和研究意义。第二章梳理了国内外以往有关多丽丝·莱辛和《金色笔记》的研究文献并作简要评述,为本研究的展开提出思路。第三章为理论基础部分:简要阐述女性主义和存在女性主义的基本理论。西蒙·波伏娃是法国女权主义作家,也是存在女性主义的代表。受萨特存在主义的影响,她以存在主义视角研究女性主义,指出女性在父权社会的他者地位并讨论了女性成为他者的原因。第四章结合文本,集中探讨了马莉恩和安娜的他者形象。传统家庭主妇马莉恩以家庭和孩子为中心,经济上受到丈夫的控制,感情上又遭受了丈夫的背叛,成为了失去自主性的他者。而自由女性安娜盲目地爱着情人迈克尔,生活受迈克尔的控制,成为了处于从属地位的他者。被迈克尔抛弃后,安娜与不同男人的交往,寻找灵与肉结合的爱情。不幸的是,男人们只是将她看作性工具,无视她的内心感受。在性这一问题上,安娜再次沦为他者。第五章从内外因素两个方面着重讨论马莉恩和安娜成为他者的原因。马莉恩自身女性气质的约束以及安娜对男人的情感依附是她们成为他者的内在原因。而父权社会的压迫如父权社会对女性的传统要求以及在性问题上男性对待女性的态度则是她们成为他者的外在因素。第六章为本文结论部分,指出马莉恩作为传统家庭妇女和安娜作为追求自由的女性都不同程度地陷入了他者地位。基于波伏娃的存在女性主义理论,本文通过对《金色笔记》主人公马莉恩和安娜的剖析,认为这两类女性受内外因素影响在父权社会中都面临着成为他者的困境,表明女性追求自由之困难,同时她们的不懈努力也展现了女性争取自由的精神。女性不仅要唤醒自身的自我意识,更要获得男性的尊重与认可。这样,她们才能获得真正的自由,摆脱他者地位。更多还原

【Abstract】 Doris Lessing,one of the most outstanding writers in Britain in the twentieth century,is honored as the greatest woman writer after Virginia Woolf.As a woman writer,Lessing focuses on the exploration of women’s life and fate.Almost all her novels taking the female as the heroine show her strong consciousness for women.Among her works,The Golden Notebook is acknowledged as her most successful one.Thus many researchers at home and abroad have studied the work from the perspectives of themes and artistic techniques etcetera.However,there were fewer studies from the perspective of Beauvoir’s Existentialist Feminism.Therefore,the thesis tries to analyze the images of Anna and Marion as the other in The Golden Notebook,based on Beauvoir’s Existentialist Feminism,and then to discuss the causes why they become the Other.Meanwhile,the thesis also explores how they fight against otherness and pursue their own freedom.This thesis falls into six chapters.Chapter one briefly introduces Doris Lessing’s life,the main content of The Golden Notebook and the significance of the thesis as well as its organization.Chapter two reviews the studies on Doris Lessing and The Golden Notebook at home and abroad.Chapter three briefly expounds feminism and Existentialist Feminism.As a representative of Existentialist Feminism,Simon de Beauvoir explains feminism from the perspective of existentialist under the influence of Sartre.She reveals women’s status as the Other in the patriarchal society and discusses why women become the Other.Chapter four examines the image of Marion and Anna as the Other.Marion,the traditional housewife,rotates herself round family and children.She is controlled by her husband financially and suffers from the betrayal of her husband in emotion too.Thus,Marion becomes the Other.Anna,the free woman,loves her lover Michael blindly.Under Michael’s control,Anna becomes the other.After abandoned by Michael,Anna makes love with different men to seek for love.But men just regard her as a sex tool and ignore her feeling.Anna becomes the Other again in terms of sex.Chapter five discusses the intrinsic and extrinsic causes why they become the Other.The former ones are the restraint of Marion’s own femininity and Anna’s emotional attachment to men.And the conventional requirements from patriarchy and men’s attitude towards women in terms of sex are the latter ones.Chapter six draws to a conclusion.No matter Marion as a traditional housewife and Anna as a woman to pursue liberation,they become the Other to some extent.Based on Beauvoir’s Existentialist Feminism,through the analysis of Marion and Anna,the thesis holds that these two kinds of women face the plight of becoming the Other.It shows how difficult for women to pursue real freedom.Meanwhile their ceaseless endeavor also shows their spirit to pursue freedom.The female should not only awaken their own awareness of subjectivities but also win the respect and recognition of the male.Only in this way can the female obtain the real freedom and shake off the burden of otherness.更多还原