【作者】 张伟；

【导师】 蔡德龙；

【作者基本信息】 广西师范大学 ， 中国古典文献学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 明末清初天崩地解的历史变局及其产生的遗民现象具有重要的解读意义与价值。傅山作为遗民群体的代表,其遭际与身份转换尤为典型,而这些并且直接影响到了傅山诗文批评的理念与修辞。本文从傅山的文士身份出发,着重揭示文人傅山的遗民旨趣与名士风范,凸出其在侨民心态影响下的种种似是而非、难以索解的批评话语,以期接近更真实的傅山的历史世界。绪论部分主要阐述论文选题缘起及当下学界对以傅山为代表之北学的研究现状,重点揭示出傅山作为遗民士大夫的特殊性,他的文士风味与异端气质与传统遗民研究对象的差异,并进而影响到其诗文批评理论的建树。第一章由晚明的整体学术生态入手,着重分析晚明以讫清初特定的社会背景和时代心理,并以此探究晚明思潮的重奇尚异之风与夫对缘情绮靡文学传统的承继以及在清初严酷政治生态逼桚下批评修辞的转圜这一整体文学史进程。同时,从文学研究的内在理路着眼,着重把握傅山批评修辞之下审美底色的一贯性,即其所标举的美学范式如“拙”“淡”“真”有着怎样的时代性和地域性意义。另外,本文将通过一系列文献的释读,着力揭示并还原出一个矛盾者傅山。这个傅山最明显的特征是通过张裂的话语系统来构筑修辞,寄寓真性情于谬悠之说、荒唐之言、无端崖之辞中。不揭示出这个傅山,是不足以显示傅山,以及以傅山为代表的遗民群体的全人格的。第二章试图把握遗民群体整体的诗文观念,并在此基础上对傅山的诗文批评作管窥蠡测。遗民士大夫因了志士身份的操持,故普遍倾向于对文以载道的古典价值的复归。将文章创作提升到气节之大的高度,而时代的特殊性——经世之思的学术精神的复归又使得他们显示出普遍的兼容并包的豪杰气,故这时遗民群体往往致力于文人之文与志士之文的辨析,彰显出空所依傍,堂庑阔大的为学蕲向。尤其值得注意的是,此时身份整合的艰难使得他们频频陷入身份确认的尴尬处境,于是普遍表现出一种戾气,其直接影响是批评修辞上每每展现出前后矛盾与似是而非。这种张裂背后是遗民群体侨民心态的生动体现。第三章阐述傅山的诗歌批评。其诗歌批评与文章批评显示出一贯的特点,即对真性情的标揭贯穿始终,由此傅山心向陆机《文赋》,显示出对魏晋六朝文学自觉时代重情缘性批评传统的承续。而“专向自己心地上作老实话”又几乎完全是晚明式的,泰州式的。作为主观之诗人与客观之诗人的统一,傅山的诗歌批评讲求情、气、才与“外之触磕”的有机结合。关于诗法,他提出“法本法无法”,既强调大法不私,上根不窃,又对津津焉以法自固的庸俗复古主义作风表达最强烈的蔑弃,从而展现出萧然物外、自得天机的为学气质。第四章阐发傅山的文章观念。本章从傅山文论之渊薮《序<西北之文>》入手,着重探究“奇”之为文在清初的人文环境中是怎样走向深化的。对惯常审美习惯的颠覆与文字表达中的颉滑是怎样在体现傅山深刻的侨民心态的同时展现其对古典文章审美价值的峻切操持的。相应的,因了他的志士身份,保存故邦文献的自觉使得他赋予文章创作以更大的意义,“存续吾家文种”则是他绝不妥协、绝不宽宥的思想的极致,“文种”在这里直是傅山终身操持之大法的指称了。馀论从同时代书家王铎的诗文批评著作《文丹》说起,通过与傅山一系列批评修辞的比较,泛论从晚明以来的奇文观念在清初的澜洄,并进而探究“极神奇即是极中庸”这一古老哲学命题所包蕴的在文章学风轨法度阐释实践上之意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is of great significance and value to interpret the historical changes in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties and the phenomenon of the survivors.Fu Shan as a representative of the remnant groups,and its identity and identity conversion is particularly typical,and these and directly affect the Fu Shan’s poetic criticism of the concept and rhetoric.This article starts from the identity of Fushan’s scribes,emphasizing the fugitive interest and celebrity style of the literati Fu Shan,and highlights the criticism discourse which seems to be difficult to solicit under the influence of the minds of the diaspora in order to get closer to the real world of Fushan.The introduction part mainly expounds the origin of the thesis and the current research situation of the north school,represented by Fu Shan,and reveals the particularity of Fu Shan as the literati scholar,and the difference between his scribe flavor and heresy temperament and traditional obedience research object,And thus affect the achievements of his poetry criticism theory.The first chapter begins with the overall academic ecology of the late Ming Dynasty,focusing on the late Ming Dynasty to the specific social background and the psychology of the times,and to explore the late Ming trend of the odds of the wind and the subsequent The inheritance of the literary tradition and the rush of the rhetoric of the harsh political ecology in the early Qing Dynasty.At the same time,from the inner point of literature research,we focus on grasping the consistency of aesthetic background after Fu Shan’s criticism of rhetoric,that is,what kind of times and regionalities such as "humble" significance.In addition,this article will be through a series of literature interpretation,efforts to reveal and restore a contradictor Fu Shan.The most obvious feature of this Fu Shan is through the crack system of discourse to build rhetoric,dating true nature of the absurd said,absurd words,no cliff in the speech.Do not reveal this Fu Shan,is not enough to show Fu Shan,as well as Fu Shan as the representative of the whole people of the group.The second chapter tries to grasp the concept of the whole article of the minority groups,and on the basis of Fu Shan’s criticism of poetry criticism.The literati scholar was generally inclined to return the classical value of the text to the carrier,The creation of the article raised to the height of the great ups and downs,and the particularity of the times-the transformation of the academic spirit of the world’s thinking and makes it show compatible with the tyrannical gas,so when the group is often committed to the literati and writers The text of the analysis,showing the empty side,the Church veranda wide for the learn qi to.Particularly noteworthy is that the difficulty of identity integration at this time makes them frequently into the embarrassing situation of identity confirmation,so generally show a hostility,which directly affects its criticism rhetoric often show contradictions and paradoxical.This kind of Zhangzhe behind is the vivid manifestation of the minds of the remnant groups.The third chapter elaborates Fu Shan’s poetic criticism.The poetic criticism and criticism of the poems show consistent characteristics,that is,the character of the true nature of the coherence throughout,thus Fu Shan heart to the land "Wen Fu",showing the Wei and Jin dynasties literary consciousness of the re-love criticism of the traditional Continued and "specifically to their own heart to make the truth" and almost entirely late Ming style,Taizhou style.As the unity of the subjective poet and the objective poet,Fu Shan ’s poetic criticism emphasizes the emotional combination with the outside of the touch.On the poetic law,he proposed "law and law can not",not only stressed that Dafa is not private,the root is not stolen,but also on the law of selfish solid vulgar style of retro expression of the strongest disdain to show the sound of self-Secret for the school temperament.The fourth chapter analyzes Fu Shan’s article concept.This chapter begins with the essay of Fu Shan’s essay,which is about how to deepen the cultural environment in the early Qing Dynasty.The subversion of the usual aesthetic habit and the expression of the text in the embodiment of Fu Shan in the embodiment of Fu Shan profound state of mind while showing their aesthetic value of classical articles seriously.Correspondingly,because of his identity,the preservation of the old state of the literature makes him give the creation of the article with greater significance,the existence of my family is he never compromise the idea of the extreme,the text here Straightforward Fu Shan lifelong Dafa allegations.On the basis of a series of criticisms and rhetoric of Fu Shan,the author argues that the poetic concept of Qiwen in the early Qing Dynasty,And then explore the very magical that is extremely modesty of the ancient philosophical proposition contained in the article on the style of the wind to explain the meaning of practice.更多还原