【作者】 陈伟；

【导师】 刘超；

【作者基本信息】 西北农林科技大学 ， 农村与区域发展（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 截至2017年,已经是中央连续14年把三农问题作为一号文件,可见中央对农业、农村、农民的重视,这也说明农村和农业的发展,农民收增长的问题是影响全面小康社会建成的短板问题,亟待解决。无论农业和农村怎么改革和发展,切实增加农民的收入始终是改革的出发点和落脚点。农民自身缺乏一定的农业生产专业技能,缺乏摆脱土地束缚而获得长期稳定可靠收入的能力,农民就业长期处于低端产业,导致农民增收缓慢。现行的土地承包制度和不健全的土地经营权流转制度,以及缺乏能够适应新型农村经营主体和现代化、规模化生产的人才,导致农业供给侧改革推进缓慢,从而无法从根本上破解农民增收缓慢的难题。为了发现并验证农业人力资本投资与农民收入增加的相关关系,本文首先梳理已有研究的文献综述,对国内外人力资本和农业人力资本投资相关理论进行了重点研究。最后采取随机实地调查的方法,对勉县的农业资本现状进了调查,分析了勉县农业人力资本的现状和存在的问题。并运用SPSS统计软件对问卷进行信度及效度检验,以及对数据进行因子分析和多元回归分析等深入的研究。最后研究表明,该研究模型通过了总体方程的检验和回归系数的检验,同时不存在异方差、自相关、多重共线性等问题,因此是一个效果比较好的模型,可以从教育、培训、医疗健康水平以及迁移四个方面来解释农民收入问题。最终研究得出:教育、培训和迁移和收入成正相关,其中教育的作用最大,因此政府在农民教育方面大力扶持,个人也应该努力增强知识;同时培训也是一个重要因素,要加强农民的专业和职业技能;迁移会对收入造成影响,应该加强对农村剩余劳动力的培养,加快劳动力的流动,从而对劳动力资源进行合理配置,增加农民收入。医疗费用与收入成负相关,表明如果人们在医疗上支出过多,则会对收入造成负担,因此政府应该加大新农合筹资和报销标准,减轻群众就医负担。同时要积极引导群众加强的疾病的预防,保持健康的肌体,才能充分发挥人力资本的作用。最后按照现在正在推进的农业供给侧改革的方向和要求,结合勉县农业发展的现状和实际,提出相关的建议和意见:要从合理增加人口数量、重视教育、开展技能培训、增加健康投资这四个方面加大对农业人力资本的投资;同时结合职业农民培养和发展新型农业经营主体来开展农村人力资本的投资,从而转变农业生产经营方式,推动农业供给侧改革,最终实现农民收入稳定持续增加的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 By 2017,the central 14 years in a row as a date file,the problem of agriculture,rural areas and farmers is the central emphasis on agriculture,rural areas and farmers,it also suggests that the development of rural and agriculture,farmers’ revenue growth problem is the short board problems affecting built a well-off society in an all-round way,to be solved.No matter how agriculture and rural reform and development,to increase farmers’ income has always been the starting point and foothold of reform.Farmers lack a certain professional skills of agricultural production,its lack of yoke of land’s ability to achieve long-term stable and reliable income,farmers’ employment in the low-end industries for a long time,leading to increasing farmers’ income is slow.The existing land contract system and imperfect land management rights transfer system,and the lack of can adapt to the new rural operators and modern,large-scale production of talents,to reform agricultural supply side slowly,which can’t be broken fundamentally the problem of increasing farmers’ income is slow.In order to discover and validate agriculture human capital investment and increase of farmers’ income,this paper combing the existing research literature review,human capital investment of human capital at home and abroad and agriculture to the study on relevant theories.Finally take random field survey method;the investigation into the current situation of Mian county agricultural capital,the paper analyzes the current situation of Mian county agriculture human capital and the existing problems by using the SPSS statistical software for reliability and validity of the questionnaire test,factor analysis and multiple regression analysis and the data such as in-depth study.Last study,the research model passed the inspection and test of regression coefficients of the overall equation at the same time there is no heteroscedasticity and autocorrelation,multicollinearity problem,so the effect is a good model,can from the level of education,training,health care,and migration of four aspects to explain the farmers’ income.Final study: education,training,and migration and is closely relative to income,in which the role of education is the largest,therefore the government in the aspect of farmer education vigorously support,the individual also should strive to enhance knowledge;Training is also an important factor at the same time,should strengthen the farmers’ professional and occupational skills;Migration will affect income,should strengthen the training of rural surplus labor force,speed up the flow of the labor force,thus to rational allocation of labor resources,increase farmers’ income.Medical expenses and income is negative correlation,which indicates that if people are spending too much on health care,will cause burden to revenue,so the government should increase the new farming and financing and reimbursement standard,reduce the financial burden on the masses go to a doctor.At the same time to actively guide the masses to strengthen the prevention of disease,maintain a healthy body,can give full play to the role of human capital.Finally according to now is to push forward the reform of agricultural supply side of the direction and requirements,combining the status quo of Mian county agricultural development and practical,puts forward relevant Suggestions and opinions: from the reasonable increase of population,attaches great importance to the education,skills training,increase health investment in these four aspects of increasing human capital investment for agriculture;At the same time combined with professional farmers cultivate and develop the new agricultural management main body in order to develop the rural human capital investment,thus changing the means of agricultural production and operation,promote the reform of agricultural supply side,finally achieve the goal of a steady income for the farmers continue to increase.更多还原