【作者】 陈晴；

【导师】 陈立侨；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 动物学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以中华绒螯蟹幼蟹(Eriocheirsinensis)为试验对象,研究了低鱼粉饲料中添加蛋氨酸、胆汁酸、牛磺酸及非淀粉多糖酶对幼蟹生长性能、体成分、消化酶活力以及抗氧化能力的影响,研究结果可为中华绒螯蟹低鱼粉饲料开发提供一定的参考。主要结果和结论如下:1.低鱼粉饲料中补充蛋氨酸、胆汁酸和牛磺酸对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长性能及抗氧化能力的影响试验配制了 7组等氮等能低鱼粉(鱼粉含量为15%)饲料,分别为FM组、LFM 组、0.5%Met 组,0.5%Bile 组、1.0%Bile 组、0.5%Tau 组和 1.0%Tau 组,养殖中华绒螯蟹幼蟹(0.26±0.02g)八周。结果表明,(1)与LFM相比,FM组和0.5%Met组增重率和特定生长率显著提高,FM组及各处理组的饲料系数显著降低;FM组蛋白质效率最高。各组的全蟹体组组成差异不明显,仅0.5%Met组的脂肪含量显著高于1.0%Bile和1.0%Tau组。(2)LFM组肝胰腺和肠道中的淀粉酶活性最高,FM组最低;肝胰腺总蛋白酶的活性FM组最高,其次是0.5%Met组,两者均显著高于其他组;FM组和0.5%Met组的肠总蛋白酶活性最高,0.5%Bile组次之;0.5%Met组的肝胰腺脂和肠道脂肪酶活性最高,1.0%Tau组的肝胰腺、LFM组的肠道脂肪酶活性均最低。(3)LFM组丙二醛(MDA)含量显著高于其他组;FM组的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化氢(CAT)酶活性均显著高于其他组。综上,补充0.5%Met促进了幼蟹的肝胰腺和肠道总蛋白酶和脂肪酶的分泌,显著提高机体的生长和抗氧化性能;添加0.5%、1.0%Bile可有效提高幼蟹肝胰腺、肠道的总蛋白酶和脂肪酶活力,降低饲料系数,但是促进生长效果不显著;而补充0.5%、1.0%Tau均能显著提高幼蟹肝胰腺和肠道消化酶活力和抗氧化能力。2.低鱼粉饲料中添加非淀粉多糖酶对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长及消化酶活力的影响在低鱼粉饲料的基础上,分别添加微囊氨基酸、非淀粉多糖复合酶及同时添加两者(记为a,b,a+b),以全鱼粉组(FM)、低鱼粉组(LFM)为对照,投喂中华绒螯蟹幼蟹(0.14±0.01g)8周。结果表明,与FM组和LFM组相比,各处理组增重率、特定生长率、饲料系数及肝胰腺指数均无显著性差异。FM组及各处理组蛋白质效率、粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量均显著高于LFM组。在肝胰腺中,a组及b组的总蛋白酶活力显著高于LFM组,FM组和a+b组则显著高于以上各组。a,b,a+b组脂肪酶活力均显著高于LFM组,同时与FM组无显著性差异。在肠道中,a,b,a+b组总蛋白酶活力均显著高于LFM组,与FM组无显著性差异。FM组及a+b组的脂肪酶活力显著高于LFM组。综上,添加微囊氨基酸(0.5%)、非淀粉多糖酶(2500U/kg)能有效提高全蟹的粗蛋白质和粗脂肪含量,提高肝胰腺总蛋白酶和脂肪酶活力,同时添加两者可显著提高肠道脂肪酶活力。3.低鱼粉饲料中添加不同浓度非淀粉多糖酶对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长及消化酶活力的影响试验在5种等氮等能低鱼粉饲料的基础上,分别添加0、625、1250、2500、5000U/kg非淀粉多糖复合酶(记为_A、B、C、D、E),以全鱼粉组(FM)为对照,投喂中华绒螯蟹幼蟹(0.14±0.01g)8周。结果表明,各组之间增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率及肝胰腺指数没有显著性差异,E组饲料系数显著低于其他各组。各处理组水分、粗蛋白和灰分均无显著性差异,E组的粗脂肪含量显著高于其他各组。C和D组的肝胰腺总蛋白酶显著高于其他各组,D组和E组的肠道脂肪酶活力显著高于其他各组。综上,添加1250、2500U/kg非淀粉多糖酶可以提高幼蟹肝胰腺总蛋白酶活力,添加2500、5000U/kg非淀粉多糖酶可以提高肠道脂肪酶含量,其中添加5000U/kg使得幼蟹粗脂肪含量显著提高。更多还原

【Abstract】 In this paper,experiments were conducted to systematically evaluate the effects of dietary methionine,bile acid,taurine and Non-Starch Polysaccharide Enzyme supplementation in low fishmeal based diets on the growth performance,body composition,feed utilization,digestive enzyme activity and antioxidant ability of juvenile Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis.The results were followed.Effects of dietary methionine or bile acid or taurine supplementation in Low fishmeal diet on growth performance,feed utilization and antioxidant capacity of juvenile Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)Abstract:Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary bile acid,taurine and methionine supplementation in low fishmeal based diets on the growth performance,feed utilization and antioxidant ability of juvenile Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis.Five diets were formulated using a basic diet,in which 15%fish meal was included,supplemented with 0.5%methionine,0.5%、1.0%bile acid,0.5%、1.0%taurine,respectively.Diets of either full fishmeal-based(fish meal accounted for 64.4%)or low fishmeal-based(fish meal accounted for 15%)served as the controls.Each diet was fed to juvenile Eriocheir sinensis[(0.26±0.02)g]with five replicates for 8 weeks.The results showed that,compared with LFM diet,weight gain,specific growth rate of crabs fed FM and 0.5%Met diets were significantly higher(P<0.05),meanwhile the feed coefficient of crabs fed FM and all treatment groups exhibited significantly lower values(P<0.05).Crabs fed FM has the highest protein efficiency,and no significant differences were found among this group and the groups of 0.5%Met,1.0%Bile,0.5%Tau and 1.0%Tau.Whole body proximate composition of E.sinensis fed different experimental diets has no significant differences,only the lipid content of crabs fed o.5%Met was higher than group of 1.0%Bile and 1.0%Tau.Crabs fed LFM had the highest amylase activities in the intestine and hepatopancras,and in contrast crabs fed FM obtained the lowest values.Crabs fed FM and 0.5%Met exhibited the highest total protease activity in crab intestine followed by crabs fed 0.5%Bile diet.Both in intestinal tract and hepatopancreas,Crabs fed 0.5%Met diet obtained the highest intestine and hepatopancreas lipase activities.Crabs fed 1.0%Tau exhibited the lowest lipase activity in hepatopancreas.Crabs fed LFM had the lowest lipase activity in intestine.Malondialdehyde(MDA)content in crabs fed LFM was significantly higher than crabs fed FM and other diets.Crabs fed FM diet had significantly higher activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and catalase(CAT)than fed other diets.The crude lipid content of carbs fed 0.5%Met was the highest and significantly higher than group of 0.1%Bile and 1.0%Tau.All these results suggest that supplementation of appropriate levels of bile acid and taurine could effectively reduce feed coefficient,and dietary 0.5%Met supplementation could effectively improve the growth performance,activities of total hepatopancreas or intestine protease and lipase,and oxidation resistance.Dietary 0.5%,1.0%bile acid supplementation could also effectively improve the activities of total protease and lipase,but no differences were found in accelerating the growth performance.Besides,Dietary 0.5%,1.0%Taurine supplementation could effectively improve activities of total hepatopancreas or intestinal protease and lipase and oxidation resistance,but cannot accelerate the growth performance of E.sinensisEffects of Non-Starch Polysaccharide Enzyme supplementation in Low fishmeal diet on growth performance,feed utilization and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)Abstract:Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of Non-Starch Polysaccharide Enzyme supplementation in low fishmeal based diets on the growth performance,feed utilization and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis.Five diets were formulated using a basic diet,in which 15%fish meal was included,supplemented with 0.5%micro encapsulated coating amino acid including methionine and lysine,and another kind of non-starch polysaccharide complex enzyme including xylanase,pectinase,β-glucanase and cellulose which concentration is 1250U/kg fodder,respectively.Diets of either full fishmeal-based(fish meal accounted for 64.4%)or low fishmeal-based(fish meal accounted for 15%)served as the controls.(Denoted as +AA,+ enzyme,+1+both,FM,LFM)Each diet was fed to juvenile Eriocheir sinensis[(0.14 ±0.01)g]with five replicates for 8 weeks.The results showed that,compared with LFM and FM diet,there are no significant differences in weight gain,specific growth rate of crabs,feed coefficient and hepatopancreas index of all treatment groups.Compared with LFM diet,the protein and lipid content of crabs fed with FM,and complex enzyme were significantly higher than group of LFM.The total hepatopancreas protease activities of crabs fed coating amino acid and complex enzyme were higher than groups of LFM,and than groups of FM and +both has the total hepatopancreas protease activities.The total hepatopancreas lipase activities of treatments were significantly higher than group of LFM,but no significant difference with group of FM.In the intestinal tract,compared with group of LFM,the total protease activities of all treatments showed significantly higher.Carbs fed with FM and both of coating amino acid and non-starch polysaccharide complex enzyme had significantly higher total hepatopancreas lipase activities in the intestinal tract than group of LFM.All these results suggest that supplementation of coating amino acid and non-starch polysaccharide complex enzyme could effectively improve crude protein and lipid contents.In the meanwhile,adding both of them could effectively improve total intestinal lipase vigor.Effects of adding different concentration of Non-Starch Polysaccharide Enzyme supplementation in Low fishmeal diet on growth performance,feed utilization and digestive enzyme activities of juvenile Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis)Abstract:Experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of adding different concentration of Non-Starch Polysaccharide Enzyme supplementation in low fishmeal based diets on the growth performance,feed utilization and digestive enzyme activities juvenile Chinese mitten crab,Eriocheir sinensis.Five diets were formulated using a basic diet,in which 15%fish meal was included,supplemented with 0.5%micro encapsulated coating amino acid including methionine and lysine,and on these basis add different concentration of non-starch polysaccharide complex enzyme including xylanase,pectinase,P-glucanase and cellulose(0,625,1250,2500,5000U/kg).And than diets of either full fishmeal-based(fish meal accounted for 64.4%)or low fishmeal-based(fish meal accounted for 15%)served as the controls.Each diet was fed to juvenile Eriocheir sinensis[(0.14±0.01)g]with five replicates for 8 weeks.The results showed that,there are no significant differences in weight gain,specific growth rate of crabs,feed coefficient,protein efficiency ratio and hepatopancreas index among all groups.The same as the protein,lipid and ash content of crabs,they also showed no significant differences,but the lipid of group of +5000 was higher than others.The total hepatopancreas protease activities of crabs fed complex enzyme which concentrations were 1250 and 2500U/kg were significantly higher than other groups,and the intestinal lipase activities of crabs fed complex enzyme which concentrations were 2500 and 5000U/kg were significantly higher than other groups.All these results suggest that supplementation of non-starch polysaccharide complex enzyme which concentrations were 1250 and 2500U/kg could effectively improve the total hepatopancreas protease.In the meanwhile,adding complex enzyme which concentrations were 2500 and 5000U/kg could effectively improve total intestinal lipase vigor and when adding complex enzyme which concentrations were 5000U/kg the lipid content were effectively improved.更多还原