【作者】 李成；

【导师】 李海波；

【作者基本信息】 湖北大学 ， 生态学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 湖泊疏浚底泥综合利用和矿山生态修复是当前生态环境保护的研究热点。本文以大冶湖疏浚底泥为研究对象,以筛选出对底泥适应性强的植物为目标,通过对红叶石楠、茶梅、金叶女贞、杜鹃、大叶黄杨、金边黄杨、尖齿高山栎、小叶栀子和吉祥草共计9种植物的盆栽实验,探索这9种植物对底泥的适应性,优选最适宜底泥生长的植物类别,为湖泊疏浚底泥用于矿山复垦打下基础。主要研究结论如下:(1)通过分析大冶湖疏浚底泥的养分含量和重金属含量可知,底泥的养分含量较为丰富,其中总钾含量高达44.84g/kg,属于一级很丰富水平,有机质和碱解氮含量分别为30.81g/kg、122.16mg/kg,属于二级丰富水平,总氮、总磷、速效磷和速效钾属于三级中等水平;疏浚底泥中总汞、总铅和总锌的含量达到国家《农用污泥中污染物控制标准》(GB 4284-84),总铜、总砷和总镉的含量较高,均超过国家污泥农用标准,分别达到污泥农用标准限值的2.73倍、2.23倍和2.28倍。(2)通过分析9种植物的相对生长率可知,杜鹃和尖齿高山栎出现死亡现象,说明这两种植物对底泥的适应性较差,不适合在底泥中生长。其他7种植物都有不同程度的生长,其中红叶石楠、大叶黄杨和吉祥草的长势较好,相对生长率较高,分别为0.0078g/g·周、0.0226 g/g·周、0.0505 g/g·周,说明这三种植物对湖泊疏浚底泥的适应性较强。(3)通过分析9种植物对重金属的富集能力并结合底泥重金属含量的变化情况可知,9种植物都不具备降低底泥中Hg和Pb的能力,但对底泥中的其他四种重金属Cu、Zn、Cd和As都有不同程度的降低作用,其中大叶黄杨对降低底泥中重金属Cu和重金属Zn的能力最强,红叶石楠对降低底泥中重金属Cd的能力最强,金叶女贞和吉祥草对降低底泥中的As具有较强的能力。(4)分析底泥养分含量的变化情况可知,不同植物对底泥养分含量具有不同程度的改善。其中红叶石楠能够提高底泥中总氮、总磷、总钙以及总镁的含量,茶梅能够提高总氮、速效钾、总钙以及总镁的含量,杜鹃能够提高底泥速效钾和总镁的含量,金边黄杨能够提高底泥速效钾、总钙和总镁含量,尖齿高山栎能够提高底泥速效钾和总镁含量,吉祥草能够提高底泥总钙和总镁含量,金叶女贞、大叶黄杨和小叶栀子只能提高底泥中总镁的含量。(5)综上所述,以9种植物的生长状况作为主要评价指标,参考9种植物对重金属的富集能力,以及底泥重金属含量和养分含量的变化情况,筛选出的最适宜底泥生长的植物为:红叶石楠、大叶黄杨和吉祥草。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research hot spot of ecological environment protection are the comprehensive utilization of lake sludge and the ecological restoration of mine.Taking daye lake sludge as the research object,to screen out the plants with strong adaptability to the sediment.Through the study of Photinia fraseri,Camellia sasanqua,Ligustrum vicaryi,Rhododendron,Euonymus japonica,Euonymus japonica cv.Aureo-ma,Quercus acrodon,Gardenia jasminoides and Reineckia carnea with strong adaptability to the sediment,and screen out the plant type which was most suitable for the growth of the sediment,to lay the foundation for the mine reclamation.The main conclusions are as follows:(1)Through the analysis of the nutrient content and heavy metal content of dredged sediment in Daye Lake,it is found that the nutrient content of the sediment is rich,and the total potassium content is up to 44.84g/kg,which belongs to a very abundant level.The contents of organic matter and alkali nitrogen are 30.81g/kg,122.16mg/kg,belong to the second level,the total nitrogen,total phosphorus,available phosphorus and available potassium belong to the third level;Total mercury,total lead and total zinc are reached the national standard(GB 4284-84)about content of the dredged sediment;Total copper,total arsenic and total cadmium content are higher than the national sludge agricultural standards,reached the sludge agricultural standard limit of 2.73 times,2.23 times and 2.28 times.(2)By analyzing the relative growth rates of nine plants,it was found that the death of Rhododendron and Quercus acrodon showed that the two plants were less adaptable to the sediment and were not suitable for growth in the sediment.The other seven kinds of plants had different growth,among them,Photinia fraseri,Euonymus japonica and Reineckia carnea grow well,and the growth rate of these three plants was 0.0078g/g·week,0.0226g/g·week,0.0505g/g·week,indicating that these three plants are highly adaptable to lake dredged sediment.(3)By analyzing the enrichment ability of heavy metals in nine plants and the change of heavy metal content in the sediments,it was found that the nine plants did not have the ability to reduce Hg and Pb in the sediment,but had different degrees of reducing effect to the other four kinds of heavy metals Cu,Zn,Cd and As.Among them,Euonymus japonica had the strongest ability to reduce the heavy metal Cu and heavy metal Zn in the sediment,and the ability of Photinia fraseri to reduce the heavy metal Cd in the sediment.Ligustrum vicaryi and Reineckia carnea had stronger ability to reduce As in the sediment.(4)Through the analysis of the nutrient content of the dredged sediment,the results showed that the nutrient contents of different plants had different degrees of improvement.Photinia fraseri had the ability to increase the contents of total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total calcium and total magnesium in the sediment.Camellia sasanqua had the ability to increase the contents of total nitrogen,available potassium,total calcium and total magnesium in the sediment.Rhododendron had the ability to increase the contents of available potassium and total magnesium in the sediment.Euonymus japonica cv.Aureo-ma had the ability to increase the contents of available potassium,total calcium and total magnesium in the sediment.Quercus acrodon had the ability to increase the contents of available potassium and total magnesium in the sediment.Reineckia carnea had the ability to increase the contents of total calcium and total magnesium in the sediment.Ligustrum vicaryi,Euonymus japonica and Gardenia jasminoides had the ability to increase the contents of total magnesium in the sediment.(5)To sum up,the growth status of nine kinds of plants was taken as the main evaluation index.With reference to the enrichment ability of heavy metals and the change of heavy metal content and nutrient content of nine kinds of plants,the plants which most suitable for the growth of the sediment are: Photinia fraseri,Euonymus japonica and Reineckia carnea.更多还原