【作者】 张俊芳；

【导师】 高瑞泉；

【作者基本信息】 华东师范大学 ， 中国哲学， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 《中庸》的探讨对象与人类的生存问题息息相关,旨在开辟出一条实现至高至善的理想人格的道路。道德之性的涵养和道德行为的实践是理想人格养成的重要内容。本文将从道德哲学的研究角度出发,归纳《中庸》所推崇的理想人格,梳理其理想人格养成的过程。"天命之谓性",通过对《中庸》中天命思想和天人关系的剖析,构建起其成人之道的起点,从而对理想人格实践的可能性有更充分的认识。"率性之谓道",《中庸》理想人格的养成首先是一个自为的过程,中庸之道主要表现在"由中而和、由诚而中"两个层面;以"中和""中庸"作为《中庸》理想人格的行为规范的内在衡量标准,通过阐述"中"、"和"之间的体用关系,论证实现二者之间的贯通的可能性,即在于"诚"。"诚"是一个具有终极实体意义的概念,通过"诚"、"明"之间的关系的阐述,论述慎独工夫的重要性。整个道德工夫的实践便是以诚致中、以中而合的关键。"修道之谓教",理想人格的养成不仅需要有天命与之的可能性,更需要每一个个体现实中的努力;既需要注重个体内在的觉知和体认,也需要接受外界整个人文环境的教化和熏陶。通过对现实社会"性-道-教" 一体的教化体系的细致分析,阐明个体的成人之道不是狭隘的、闭塞的,必须在人与人的相互交往的开放的情境中体认和摸索:天道和人性也是在"性-道-教"相互渗透的生活境域中逐渐展开的,通过自修与教化实现至诚之道。在个体践行中庸之道的过程中,天道经由"诚之"道下落于人身,具体表现为一套合乎天理和人性的道德伦理的准则:三达德、五达道、治国九经。敬畏天命之所予,致中和以至诚之道,秉执慎独善己之工夫,接受内外合和之教化,是个体成人之道的主要内容。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research object of The Central Harmony is closely related to the human survival,aiming to set up an ideal personality model for the general public and build up the way to it’s implementation.The process of developing the ideal personality about Moderation is naturally the matter of self-knowledge and self-restraint about model character.The thesis tries to begin with the concept of personality,then introduces the ideal personality promoted by The Central Harmony.And simply analysis the difference among these three personality of saint,gentleman and villain and the respective characteristics.According to the anatomy of "Destiny" in The Central Harmony,the paper finds metaphysical basis for the way of cultivation of the ideal personality,thereby we can have more complete dimension to understand the ideal personality.The Central Harmony is a knowledge with great practical significance,and it provisions "Moderation" and "neutralization" as the internal standards of the daily behavior norms.Through the analysis of the relationship of "Moderation" and"Neutralization",we can discover the channel to dredge them and then sum up the connotation of the ideal personality.The matter is on the "Sincerity",which is a concept of ontological meaning.Through the analysis of the dialectical relation between "Sincerity" and "Ming" and the importance of Self-cultivation,it builds up the possibility between not only "Sincerity" and "Ming",but also "Moderation" and"Neutralization".Then it dredges the bridge between heaven and humanity.The personality is not only something about ideal and expect,but also something that requires us to focus on the realistic practice.Finally,let us pay attention to the detailed society,The Central Harmony provides "Nature-Way-Teaching as its education system about moral quality.We can find that the individual moral cultivation and formation is an open system and it needs everybody’s participation and communication with the outside world.In the process of the individual cultivation,we embodied in a individual moral principles on moral and ethical according with the natural truth and the human nature:three moralities,five ways of Tao,nine classics of governing."Destiny"、"Sincerity" and "Self-cultivation" are the most important matters to cultivate individual image with moral quality and ideal temperament.To fear about the mandate of heaven,to uphold the "Sincerity" and "Moderation",to adhere the individual’s inner self-reflection in loneliness and to accept the enlightenment from outside world,these are the main contents of the ideal personality theory on The Central Harmony.更多还原