【作者】 赵亮；

【导师】 侯再恩；

【作者基本信息】 陕西科技大学 ， 控制科学与工程， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 在我国船舶工业的发展过程中,船用曲轴质量的好坏直接影响船舶的安全和可靠性,因此船用曲轴被称为船舶发动机的“动脉”。船用曲轴是由镦锻装置来制造,精确控制左右哈呋模具最终停止位置是问题的关键。然而传统手动控制的镦锻装置性能指标和精度都达不到要求,在实际生产过程中锻件成品精度不稳定,达不到锻件要求,甚至会发生模具“过合模”致使模具或TR(TadeuszRut)全纤维镦锻装置模座破坏,造成企业经济损失。针对上述问题,在整个锻造行业向着自动化和智能化的发展趋势下,本文设计了一套基于三菱FX3U可编程控制器的模糊控制系统,能提高TR全纤维镦锻装置自动化程度、安全性和可靠性,同时可以降低现场调试的难度,并能提高曲轴的成品率。本文对TR全纤维镦锻装置模具距离调节控制技术的发展现状做出了预测和研究,提出自己的控制方案,方案的主要内容为以下两点:第一,分析影响锻件成品尺寸精度的因素,并通过测量不同锻件温度下液压机停止时左右模具之间的距离和左右模具最终停止时之间的距离的数据,将得到的数据使用最小二乘法拟合出曲线并得到曲线相应二次多项式函数,分析锻件温度对镦锻装置控制的影响,提出了首次运行时液压机停止工作时两个模具之间距离的计算方法。第二,将模糊控制理论应用于控制方案中,模具之间的距离偏差和锻件温度作为模糊变量,建立模糊控制规则表和模糊控制查询表,使控制系统更简洁、安全和平稳,进而将自动调节左右哈呋模具最终停止之间距离的控制变为现实。在设计方案基础上完成了全纤维曲轴镦锻装置控制模具距离软硬件系统的设计。一方面完成了装配有包括三菱PLC、触摸屏、传感器和步进电机等装置的硬件系统设计。另一方面完成了包括计算模具距离程序、首次运行程序、手动模式步进电机运行程序、镦锻装置自动控制程序等的软件系统的设计。经实验室和现场调试,在两个模具最终停止距离发生变化的情况下,确保镦锻装置控制系统能达到锻件精度要求,通过实际工程应用,本系统控制精度优良、操作简单、安全性能高,满足控制要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of China’s shipbuilding industry,the quality of marine crankshaft can directly affect the safety and reliability of the ship.Therefore,the ship crankshaft is called the "heart" of the ship engine.The marine crankshaft is made by upsetting and forging machince.Controlling the final stopping position of left and right half mould is the key to the problem.The upsetting and forging machince which used traditional manual controlling way can’t reach performance indicators and accuracy requirements,the forging finished size precision in the process of actual production is not stable and not up to the requirements that will cause mould "clamping" or TR(Tadeusz Rut)all fiber upsetting and forging machince mold damaging and reduce the benefit of enterprises.To solve the above problem,the whole forging industry is developing towards automation and intelligent trend,this paper designs a fuzzy control system based on MITSUBISHI FX3U programmable controller,this control system can improve the degree of automation,safety and reliability of TR all fiber upsetting and forging machince,reduce the difficulty of debugging and improve the yield of crankshaft.This paper makes a prediction and research on the development of distance adjustment controlling technology of TR all fiber upsetting and forging device,and puts forward its own controlling plan,the key issues of upsetting machince:first we have to analyze the affect of finished forging size precision,we can get data by measuring the left and right distance between moulds when upsetting machince stopping and the left and right distance between moulds when upsetting machince eventually stopping under different forging temperature,and get fitting curve and the corresponding quadratic polynomial function by applicating least squares curve fitting.This paper analyzes the influence of forging temperature on the control of the upsetting and forging machince and then puts forward the calculation method of the distance between two moulds when the hydraulic press stops working for the first time.Second,fuzzy control theory is applied to the control system,the distance bias between moulds and the forging temperature are taken as fuzzy variables,fuzzy control rule table and fuzzy control inquiry table are set up which makes the control system more safe and stable.Then automatic control of the final stopping distance between left and right half mould turns into reality.Based on the design scheme,the design of hardware and software for controlling the distance between moulds of all fiber upsetting and forging machince is completed.On the one hand,the hardware system includes MITSUBISHI PLC,touch screen,sensors,tepping motor and other machinces,On the other hand,the design of the software system including calculating mould distance program,first time to run program,stepping motor running program with manual mode and upsetting and forging machince automatic controlling program is completed.Through laboratory and on-site debugging,in the case of the mould final stopping distance,the upsetting and forging machince control system can meet the precision requirement.After practical engineering application,the system has the benefit of excellent precision controlling,simple operation,and high safety performance,so it meets the requirements of the control engineering.更多还原