【作者】 杜娟；

【导师】 李元喜；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 农业昆虫与害虫防治， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 昆虫标记在害虫防治中有重要的作用。如:标记迁飞害虫,可以更好地弄清楚害虫的迁飞路线,为预测预报提供准确参考信息;对害虫天敌进行标记,可以有效的评估防治效果。赤眼蜂是一类卵寄生蜂,属于膜翅目Hymenoptera,赤眼蜂科Trichogrammatidae。据不完全统计,赤眼蜂能寄生鞘翅目、鳞翅目、双翅目、半翅目、脉翅目等5目40多个科的昆虫卵,目前主要用来防治玉米螟、苹果卷叶蛾、甘蔗螟等害虫。本文选取三种赤眼蜂(玉米螟赤眼蜂(Trichogramma ostriniae)、松毛虫赤眼蜂(Trichogramma dendrolimi)、稻螟赤眼蜂(Trichogramma japonicum),研究了 啶橙标记三种赤眼蜂的效果及标记对赤眼蜂生物学特性的影响。研究结果如下:(1)采用吖啶橙作为荧光标记物,并按梯度添加于赤眼蜂普通饲料中。通过喂食进行标记。结果发现喂食24小时后的赤眼蜂在荧光显微镜下可显示荧光。喂食含吖啶橙的饲料后换做喂食普通饲料,每间隔24小时取赤眼蜂活蜂进行检测,发现吖啶橙能够存在于赤眼蜂的整个生命过程中。这表明吖啶橙能将赤眼蜂进行标记并且具有良好的持久性。(2)与普通赤眼蜂相比,标记后的玉米螟赤眼蜂平均寿命最长的是被低浓度标记的玉米螟赤眼蜂,平均寿命为5.49天。平均寿命最短的是对照组,平均寿命为4.59天。标记后的松毛虫赤眼蜂平均寿命最长的是对照组,5.49天,平均寿命最短的是高浓度组,平均寿命为4.47天。稻螟赤眼蜂中,平均寿命最长的也为低浓度组,平均寿命为5.34天,最短的为中浓度组,平均寿命为4.67天。三种赤眼蜂中平均寿命最长的为对照组松毛虫赤眼蜂。(3)标记后的赤眼蜂产卵量各不相同。玉米螟赤眼蜂寄生6小时产卵量最高的是高浓度组,每三头玉米螟赤眼蜂的平均产卵量为35.1粒,其次为对照组,34.9粒;松毛虫赤眼蜂产卵量最高的是中浓度组,每三头松毛虫赤眼蜂平均产卵量为32.7粒;稻螟赤眼蜂产卵量最高的为高浓度组,平均产卵量为20.2粒。寄生12小时,玉米螟赤眼蜂产卵量最高的为高浓度组,平均产卵量为46.1粒;松毛虫赤眼蜂产卵量最高的是对照组,平均产卵量为40.3粒;稻螟赤眼蜂中产卵量最高的为高浓度组,平均产卵量为22.6粒。综合来看,寄生6小时后,产卵量最高的为高浓度组玉米螟赤眼蜂35.1粒,产卵量最低的为对照组稻螟赤眼蜂18.2粒。寄生12小时后,产卵量最高的为高浓度组玉米螟赤眼蜂46.1粒,产卵量最低的为对照组稻螟赤眼蜂21粒。这表明:吖啶橙在一定条件下可提高赤眼蜂的产卵量。(4)比较标记后赤眼蜂的寄生能力,三种赤眼蜂中单头蜂寄生率最高的为对照组稻螟赤眼蜂,寄生率为89.33%,最低的是中浓度组玉米螟赤眼蜂,寄生率为73.67%。单头蜂中羽化率最高的是对照组稻螟赤眼蜂,羽化率为88.67%,最低的是中浓度组稻螟赤眼蜂,羽化率为71.67%。单头蜂子代羽化数最多的是对照组玉米螟赤眼蜂,平均出蜂数达到了 21.4头,出蜂数量最少的为中浓度组稻螟赤眼蜂,平均出蜂数为15.2头。统计子代蜂雌雄数,子代雌性比最高的是低浓度组松毛虫赤眼蜂,雌性比为81.1%,最低的为中浓度组稻螟赤眼蜂,仅为64.4%。由此可以看出,不同浓度吖啶橙对不同种类的赤眼蜂的寄生能力有着不同的影响。(5)通过直接检测米蛾卵以及解剖米蛾卵获得玉米螟赤眼蜂的卵和羽化的子一代蜂,发现吖啶橙在玉米螟赤眼蜂的整个发育过程中以及子代蜂均能被检测到。初步表明,吖啶橙具有传代作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Insects marking played an important role in insectcontrol.For example,mark-release-recapture method could be used to study the population dynamics,so as to provide reliable basis for forecasting;marking natural enemies of insectpest can effectively evaluate the control effect.Trichogramma are egg parasitoids,belong to Hymenoptera,Trichogrammatidae.According to incomplete statistics,genus of Trichogramma includes species that can parasitize insects of more than 40 families from Lepidoptera,Coleoptera,Diptera,Hymenoptera and Neuroptera,.The wasps are mainly used for the prevention and control of corn borer,sugar cane moth,and apple leaf moth pests.In China,using Trichogramma to prevent and control the corn borer has obtained remarkable achievement.Application scope expands unceasingly,and it has become a very important measure for the prevention and control the corn borer in recent years.This article selected three commonly used Trichogramma species(Trichogramma ostriniae,Trichogramma dendrolimi,Tricho-gramma japonicum),aiming at marking of these wasps,to study the impact of the markers on the biological characteristics.The results are as follows:(1)Using acridine orange as fluorescent markers,and according to the gradient added in artificial diet.By feeding to mark three Trichogramma species,we found that after 24-h feedingthe green fluorescent was detectable under the fluorescence microscope.After 24-h feeding diet containing markers green fluorescent of acridine orange could be detected throughout life of wasps.The resuls suggested that the acridine orange could be used to mark these three Trichogramma species.(2)Compared with control,the average longevity(5.49 days)of Trichogramma ostriniae feeding low density acridine orange was longer,life span(4.59 days)of wasps incontrol group was the shortest among all groups.The longest average longevity of Trichogramma dendrolimi happened to wasps incontrol group,the average life expectancy is 5.49 days.The shortest life span is feeding high density acridine orange,the average life expectancy was 4.47 days.For Trichogramma japonicum,the results were different from aboves,the longest longevity happened to wasps feeding low density acridine orange diet,the average life expectancy is 5.34 days,andthe shortest life span happened to wasps feeding middle density acridine orange diet,the average life expectancy was 4.67 days.Life span of Trichogramma dendrolimi of control groupwas the longest among all groups.(3)The number of egg laid after marking is different.During 6-h parasitization,for Trichogramma ostriniae,wasps fed with high density produced the most eggs,35.1 eggs per three wasps,followed by the control group,the 34.9 eggs.Trichogramma dendrolimi wasps fed with middle density group produced the most eggs,32.7 eggs per three Trichogramma dendrolimi wasps.For Trichogramma japonicum,wasps fed with high density produced the most eggs,20.2 eggs per three wasps.During 12-h parasitization,for Trichogramma ostriniae,wasps fed with high density diet produced the most eggs,46.1 eggs per three Trichogramma ostriniae wasps.For Trichogramma dendrolimi,wasps fed with control diet produce the most eggs,40.3 eggs pery three Trichogramma dendrolimi wasp.For Trichogramma japonicum,wasps fed with high density diet produced the most eggs,22.6 eggs per three Trichogramma japonicum wasps.Taken together,during 6-h parasitization,Trichogramma ostriniae wasps fed with high density diet produced 35.1 eggs,which was the mostamong all wasp species,and T.japonicum wasps from control gave the lowest reproduction,18.2 eggs per three wasps.During 12-h parasitization,Trichogramma ostriniae wasps fed with high density diet produced 46.1 eggs,which was the most among all wasp species,and T.japonicum wasps from control gave the lowest reproduction,21 eggs per three wasps..This shows that acridine orange under certain conditions can improve the spawning quantity.(4)The highest parasitism rate of single parasitic wasp happened in control group of Trichogramma japonicum,the rate is 89.33%;and the lowest(73.76%)in Trichogramma ostriniae wasps fed with middle density diet,.The highest emergence rate(88.67%)of wasps happened to Trichogramma japonicum of control group,and the lowest emergence rate(71.67%)happened to Trichogramma japonicum,emergence wasps fed with middle density diet.The highest emergence offspring number 21.4 per female wasp,happened to Trichogramma ostriniae wasps of control group,and the offspring number(15.2)of Trichogramma japonicum wasps fed with middle density diet,was the lowest.The highest female offspring ratio happened to Trichogramma dendrolimi fed with low density diet,the female ratio was 81.10%;the lowest female offspring ratio happened to Trichogramma japonicum wasp fed with middle density diet,the female ratio was 64.4%.Thus it can be seen that different density of acridine orange have a different impact on different Trichogramma species.By dissceting moth eggs,Trichogramma ostriniae eggs and the offspring were obtained and observed under fluorescence microscope,we found acridine orange can be detected throughout the development process of Trichogramma individual.更多还原