【作者】 邢健；

【导师】 薛明；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业推广（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 花生是我国重要的经济作物,山东是我国花生的主产区。食叶害虫是危害花生的主要害虫,对产量和品质影响极大。本文测定了 12种药剂对花生上棉铃虫、甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾3种夜蛾科食叶害虫幼虫的毒力,比较了3种害虫对药剂的敏感性差异,并用代表性药剂对3种害虫做了田间防效试验,为花生田食叶害虫的有效控制提供理论依据和技术支持。主要研究结果如下:1.12种药剂对3种害虫的毒力结果表明:对棉铃虫3龄幼虫,茚虫威、甲维盐和氟铃脲的毒力最高,LD50分别为0.912μg/g、1.106μg/g和1.132μg/g;其次是灭多威、虫螨腈、虫酰肼和多杀菌素,LD50分别为1.805μg/g、3.365μg/g、4.146μg/g和4.382μg/g;氯氟氰菊酯和顺式氯氰菊酯的毒力次之,LD50分别为5.655μg/g和7.621μg/g;毒死蜱、丙溴磷和辛硫磷的毒力均最低。对甜菜夜蛾3龄幼虫以虫螨腈的毒力最高,LD50为1.453μg/g;甲维盐、多杀菌素、茚虫威和氟铃脲次之,LD50分别为1.705μg/g、2.632μg/g、4.325μg/g和7.064μg/g;虫酰肼、顺式氯氰菊酯和氯氟氰菊酯毒力较低,LD50分别为24.137μg/g、34.082μg/g和37.327μg/g;灭多威、毒死蜱、辛硫磷和丙溴磷的毒力最低。对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫以甲维盐、虫螨腈和茚虫威的毒力最高,LD50分别为1.325μg/g、1.683μg/g和3.783μg/g;氟铃脲和氟啶脲的毒力次之,LD50分别为8.673μg/g和9.042μg/g;毒死蜱、辛硫磷、虫酰肼、多杀菌素、丙溴磷、氯氟氰菊酯和顺式氯氰菊酯的毒力都较低。2.10种药剂对斜纹夜蛾3龄和5龄幼虫的毒力比较表明,甲维盐和茚虫威两种药剂对5龄和3龄幼虫毒力都高,5龄和3龄幼虫的毒力比值均为1.1;虫螨腈和氟铃脲虽对5龄和3龄幼虫毒力均较高,但毒力比值分别达1.5和2.1,即对3龄幼虫较对5龄幼虫更敏感;毒死蜱、丙溴磷、辛硫磷、虫酰肼、氯氟氰菊酯和顺式氯氰菊酯对斜纹夜蛾对5龄和3龄幼虫毒力都较低,且幼虫龄期越大,药剂的毒力越低。3.11种药剂对棉铃虫、甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫的毒力比较表明:茚虫威、甲维盐、氟铃脲、虫酰肼、氯氟氰菊酯、顺式氯氰菊酯和丙溴磷对棉铃虫毒力均大于甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾,其毒力比值均小于1.0;虫螨腈对甜菜夜蛾和斜纹夜蛾的毒力大于棉铃虫;辛硫磷、丙溴磷和毒死蜱对甜菜夜蛾的毒力最低,表明药剂在不同虫种间表现出显著的的毒力选择性。4.不同药剂对花生3种食叶害虫的田间药效试验结果表明:茚虫威、甲维盐对棉铃虫的防效最高,药后7d虫口减退率达85.1%～92.3%;其次为氟铃脲和多杀菌素,药后7d虫口减退率也在80%以上;丙溴磷、虫螨腈、灭多威、氯氟氰菊酯、辛硫磷和毒死蜱处理,药后1d～7d对棉铃虫的防治效果均达56.0%～75.9%,药效较低。虫螨腈、甲维盐和茚虫威对甜菜夜蛾的防效最高,药后7d虫口减退率达83.8～93.8%;氟铃脲、氯氟氰菊酯、多杀菌素和丙溴磷对甜菜夜蛾的防效较高,药后7d虫口减退率达71.3～76.5%;毒死蜱、灭多威和辛硫磷药后7d的防效仅为56.7%～62.3%,药效较低。甲维盐和茚虫威对斜纹夜蛾的防效最高,药后7d虫口减退率达90%以上;虫螨腈斜纹夜蛾的防效较高,药后7d虫口减退率为88.9%;氟铃脲、多杀菌素、丙溴磷、氯氟氰菊酯、毒死蜱和辛硫磷药后7d虫口减退率为62.5%～76.2%,药效相对较低。更多还原

【Abstract】 Peanut is an important economic crop in China,Shandong is one of the main peanut producing areas.Defoliators are the main pests of peanut production,whitch have great influence on the yield and quality of peanut.The study determined the toxicity of 12 insecticides on larvaes of Helicoverpa amigera,Spodoptera exigua and Spodoptera litura Fabricius and compared the sensitivity difference of 3 kinds of defoliators to 10 pesticides.The field experiments were carried out to control 3 kinds of defroliators.And the study provided the theoretical basis and technical support for the effective control of the 3 kinds of defoliators in peanut fields.The main results were as followed:1.The results of different insecticides toxicity on larvaes of 3 kinds of defoliators showed that indoxacarb,emamectin benzoate and hexaflumuron showed the highest toxicity on 3rd instar larvae of H.amigera with LD50 values of 0.912μg/g,1.106μg/g and 1.132p,g/g,respectively.Methomyl,chlorfenapyr,tebufenozide and spinosad had higher toxicity on 3rd instar larvae of H.amigera with LD50 values of 1.805p.g/g,3.365μg/g,4.146μg/g and 4.382μg/g,respectively.Cyhalothrin and alphamethrin showed lower toxicity on 3rd instar larvae of H.amigera and their LD50 were 5.655μg/g and 7.621 μg/g,respectively.Phoxim,profenofos and chlorpyrifos had the lowest on 3rd instar larvae of H.amigera.Chlorfenapyr showed the highest toxicity on 3rd instar larvae of S.exigua and its LD50 was 1.453μg/g.Emamectin benzoate,spinosad,indoxacarb and hexaflumuron had higher toxicity on 3rd instar larvae of S.exigua with LD50 values of 1.705μg/g,2.632μg/g,4.325μg/g and 7.064μg/g,respectively.Tebufenozide,alphamethrin and cyhalothrin showed lower toxicity on 3rd instar larvae of S.exigua and their LD50 were 24.137μg/g,34.082μg/g and 37.327μg/g,respectively.Methomyl,chlorpyrifos,phoxim and profenofos had the lowest on 3rd instar larvae of S.exigua.Emamectin benzoate,chlorfenapyr and indoxacarb showed the highest toxicity on 3rd instar larvae of S.litura with LD50 values of 1.325μg/g,1.683μg/g and 3.783μg/g,respectively.Hexaflumuron and chlorfluazuron had higher toxicity on 3rd instar larvae of S.litura and their LD50 were 8.673μg/g and 9.042μg/g,respectively.Chlorpyrifos,phoxim,tebufenozide,spinosad,profenofos,cyhalothrin and alphamethrin showed lower toxicity on 3rd instar larvae of S.litura.2.The toxicity comparison of different insecticides to 3rd and 5th instar larvaes of S.litura showed that emamectin benzoate and indoxacarb showed the highest toxicity on 3rd and 5th instar larvaes of S.litura with the toxicity ratio of 5th and 3rd instar larvaes were 1.1.Chlorfenapyr and hexaflumuron had highest toxicity on 3rd and 5th instar larvaes of S.litura although the toxicity ratio of 5th and 3rd instar larvaes reached 1.5 and 2.1.Chlorpyrifos,profenofos,phoxim,tebufenozide,cyhalothrin and alphamethrin had lower toxicity on 3rd and 5th instar larvaes of S.litura,and the greater the larval instar,the lower the toxicity of the insecticides.3.The toxicity comparison of 11 insecticides to 3rd instar larvaes of H.amigera,S.exigua and S.litura showed that indoxacarb,emamectin benzoate,hexaflumuron,tebufenozide,cyhalothrin,alphamethrin and profenofos had higher toxicity on 3 rd instar larvae of H.amigera than 3 rd instar larvaes of S.exigua and S.litura with the toxicity ratio were less than 1.0.Chlorfenapyr showed higher toxicity on 3rd instar larvaes of S.exigua and S.litura than 3 rd instar larvae of H.amigera.Phoxim,profenofos and chlorpyrifos had the lowest toxicity on 3rd instar larvae of S.exigua.The results showed that the toxicity of insecticides was different among different insect species.4.The results of field experiments of different insecticides on 3 kinds of defoliators showed that indoxacarb and emamectin benzoate had the highest control effect on larvae of H.amigera treated after 7 days and the pest control effects were up to 85.1%～92.3%.Followed by thiamethoxam hexaflumuron and spinosad and the control effects were more than 80.0%treated after 7 days.Profenofos,chlorfenapyr,methomyl,cyhalothrin,phoxim and chlorpyrifos had lower control effect on larvae of H.amigera treated after 1～7 days and the pest control effects were 56.0%～75.9%.Chlorfenapyr,indoxacarb and emamectin benzoate had the highest control effect on larvae of S.exigua treated after 7 days and the pest control effects were up to 83.8%～93.8%.Followed by hexaflumuron,cyhalothrin,spinosad and profenofos and the control effects were 71.3%～76.5%treated after 7 days.Chlorpyrifos,methomyl and phoxim had lower control effect on larvae of S.exigua treated after 7 days and the pest control effects were 56.7%～62.3%.Emamectin benzoate and indoxacarb had the highest control effect on larvae of S.litura treated after 7 days and the pest control effects were more than 90%treated after 7 days.Followed by chlorfenapyr and the control effect was 88.9%treated after 7 days.Hexaflumuron,spinosad,profenofos,cyhalothrin,chlorpyrifos and phoxim had lower control effect on larvae of S.litura treated after 7 days and the pest control effects were 62.5%～76.2%.更多还原