【作者】 张婷；

【导师】 方金；

【作者基本信息】 山东农业大学 ， 农业推广（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 农村社会救助作为农村社会保障安全网的最后一道防线,在农村社会保障体系中居于基础性的地位。改革开放30多年来,中国的经济社会得到了长足的发展,政府和社会对农村社会救助制度也越来越重视,农村社会救助工作取得了突破性的进展和创新,制度也在日趋完善。但是农村中仍然存在着大量的贫困人口,一部分社会成员依靠自身力量仍然无法维持其最低生活,贫困问题日益突出。在经济、社会发展水平都不高的肥城农村,因为救助资金匮乏,现行的农村社会救助制度不统一、不健全,分头管理,政出多门,救助的效率不高,农村社会救助面临严重的困境。如何解决好这些问题并构建完善的农村社会救助制度成为肥城市乃至全国各地不得不正视的问题。本文运用规范分析和实证分析相结合的方法以及文献研究与实地调研相结合的方法对肥城市农村社会救助系统梳理:(1)介绍了本文的选题背景和研究意义,在我国农村潜在着大量的贫困人员,贫困形势比城市要严峻的多,救助难度远大于城市,如何保障这些人员的生存问题,成为我们不得不给予高度重视的社会问题。通过对山东省肥城市农村社会救助制度体系的发展状况的调查分析,发现存在的问题找出造成这些问题的原因,结合肥城市具体情况,有针对性的提出促进肥城市农村社会救助的建议,以便促进肥城市农村社会救助的可持续发展。(2)介绍关于社会救助以及农村社会救助的定义和相关内容,阐述我国农村社会救助制度的发展演变历程,从贫困理论、公民权利理论、国家责任理论和社会公平理论说明文章分析所基于的理论基础。(3)对肥城市农村社会救助的发展现状概述,首先简要介绍肥城市的基本情况的现状,接着分条目的对肥城市农村社会救助的各项制度的发展情况进行了梳理,包括农村最低生活保障制度、五保供养制度、灾害救助制度、教育救助、医疗救助、临时救助和其它救助制度。(4)对肥城市在农村社会救助中存在的问题和产生这些问题的原因进行了研究:肥城市在救助中存在的主要问题主要表现在救助对象数量和范围难以掌控、分散供养户和特困户现状堪忧、社会救助经费不足、标准过低、相关部门救助工作不规范、政府专业人才缺乏等方面。导致这些问题产生的原因主要有救助制度因素、政府因素、救助对象构成因素和个体因素。(5)对国内典型地区的社会救助的实践经验进行了总结,湘潭市在农村社会救助方面不仅创新了管理体制,还对相关的工作进行了规范量化,实现了农村社会救助程序化、农村社会救助标准化、农村社会救助透明化、农村社会救助专业化。甘肃定西县不断完善当地的社会救助体系,初步形成了覆盖面广、保障全面、层次较多的城乡居民社会救助制度体系,实现了责任追究常效化、宣传培训常态化、操作程序精细化、动态管理及时化、供养机构星级化,对于缓解当地贫困居民的生活状况起到了重要的作用。启发肥城市农村社会救助要整体布局工作、建立健全档案管理、加强监督核查、强化宣传、提升工作品位,从而更好地开展肥城市的社会救助工作。(6)基于存在的问题,从不同的角度分别查找改进社会救助工作的措施,主要从以下五个方面着手,一是科学界定救助对象范围和救助标准;二是健全农村社会救助资金的保障机制;三是完善农村社会救助的法律、法规;四是完善农村社会救助的管理机制,加强基层建设;五是积极动员社会力量,完善监督机制。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rural social relief as the last line of defense of rural social security safety net,member of the rural social security system the foundational status.More than 30 years of reform and opening-up,China’s got great economic and social development,government and society on the rural social assistance system is becoming more and more attention,the rural social relief work made a breakthrough and innovation,system is increasingly perfect.But still there are a lot of poor people in rural area,part of the social members still rely on its own cannot maintain their lowest life,poverty problem increasingly prominent.In the economic and social development level is not high in feicheng rural areas,because of lack of funds,the current rural social assistance system is not unified,unsound,separate management and conflicting policies from different departments,rescue efficiency is not high,the rural social assistance faces serious difficulties.How to solve these problems and construct perfect rural social assistance system status and had to face the problem of all over the country.In this paper,using the method of combining normative analysis and empirical analysis and the method of combining literature research and field research on the status of rural social assistance system combing:(1)Introduced the selected topic background and research significance of this article,the potentially large Numbers of poor people in rural areas in China,the situation is more serious than the urban poverty,aid difficulty is greater than the city,how to ensure the survival of these people,become a social problem we have to give attaches great importance to.Through the status of rural social assistance system in shandong province,the development situation of investigation and analysis,find out the problems existing in the causes of these problems,combined with the specific situation of the status,targeted Suggestions to promote the status of rural social assistance,in order to promote the sustainable development of the status of rural social assistance.(2)The introduction of social assistance and the definition of rural social assistance and the related content,expounds the development of Chinese rural social assistance system evolution,from poverty theory,the theory of civil rights,national responsibility theory and social justice theory shows that the analysis is based on theoretical basis.(3)To the current situation of the development overview of the status of rural social assistance,first of all,this paper briefly introduces the basic situation of status of the status quo,and then points of entry to the status of rural social assistance generalizes the development situation of the system,including the rural minimum living security system,the five guarantees system,disaster relief system,education assistance,medical relief,temporary assistance and other assistance system.(4)To the status in the problems of rural social assistance and the reasons of these problems are studied:the status in the main problems existing in the number and scope is mainly manifested in aid recipients are difficult to control,scattered from the current situation and these schemes is support,social assistance funds insufficiency,the standard is too low,the relevant departments to relief work is not standard,the government,lack of professional talents.The cause of these problems mainly include assistance system factors,government factors,relief object factors and individual factors.(5)To the typical parts of the country,summarizes the practical experience of social assistance,xiangtan innovation not only in respect of rural social assistance management system,also has carried on the quantitative specification of related work,realize the standardization of rural social assistance program,the rural social assistance,rural social assistance transparency,specialization of rural social assistance.Gansu DingXi County perfecting local social assistance system,initially formed coverage,ensuring the more comprehensive,level of urban and rural residents social assistance system,implement the responsibility often result,publicity training norm,operating procedures,dynamic management in a timely manner,to support institutions star,to ease poverty local residents living conditions play an important role.Inspired by the status of rural social assistance to the overall layout work,establish and improve the file management,strengthening the supervision and check,strengthen the propaganda,improve work quality,to better carry out status of social relief work.(6)Based on the existing problems,and respectively from different angles for the improvement of the work of social relief measures,mainly from the following five aspects,one is the scientific definition of salvage object scope and salvage standards;2 it is to improve the rural social assistance funds safeguard mechanism;Three is the perfect rural social relief law and regulations;Four is management mechanism,to improve the rural social assistance to strengthen the construction of grass-roots,Five is to actively mobilize social forces,perfect the supervision mechanism.更多还原