【作者】 马骏；

【导师】 夏秀渊；

【作者基本信息】 江西财经大学 ， 法律硕士（法学）（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 寻物启事是悬赏广告中一种最为常见的形式,它通过各种媒体的传播,出现在人们的视线中,被公众所熟知。寻物启事同时也具有法律效力,寻物人在寻物启事中所许诺的报酬,使得完成特定行为的行为人,也即该行为人寻得了遗失物并向寻物人交付后,就根据承诺而获得报酬请求权。对此,我国对寻物启事这一具有法律效力的现象的立法还不完善,仅仅只是在《中华人民共和国物权法》第一百一十二条及《最高人民法院关于适用<中华人民共和国合同法>若干问题的解释(二)》第三条中进行了规定,导致寻物启事缺乏法律法规的调控,以至于此种平等主体之间在遭遇到因寻物启事而引起的报酬请求权纠纷时,不能通过现有法律法规的规定来预测行为后果和评价行为本身。立法上的空缺,也导致了司法实践中做法的不一。对此,有必要在寻物启事领域进一步进行深入研究。寻物启事在法律性质属于悬赏广告中的一种,在悬赏广告的法律性质上,学界通常有两类观点,分别为:契约说和单独行为说。契约说,也即认为悬赏广告属于合同关系;单独行为说,则认为悬赏广告成立了单独行为。两种理论各有利弊优劣,而在我国司法实践中,更为倾向的是契约说。在外国立法例中,大陆法系和英美法系各自具有独立的法律体系,并且在合同的界定、要约和承诺的看法等方面其实均存在差异,故而其各自更倾向于不同的学说。大陆法系中多数国家（地区）采取的是单独行为说,而在英美法系中,其在悬赏广告问题上主要通过单诺合同和双诺合同的不同类型来解决。针对悬赏广告中悬赏人和完成特定行为的行为人之间在要约和承诺方面的特殊性,英美法系通过单诺合同的形式来对应单独行为说,因为其没有单独行为的概念,所以将悬赏广告整体视为契约关系的一种而对待。在我国,从司法实践和立法趋势上看,契约说更占主流。因此,从契约说角度出发,有必要继续对寻物启事的成立及生效、寻物启事中当事人的权利义务和行为人的报酬请求权进一步进行分析。此外,寻物启事的一些制度有待在立法中进一步完善,其分别为寻物启事的发布、撤销制度,寻物启事报酬的认定制度和寻物启事无效时的救济制度等。对此理论的深入分析,将有助于立法上的进一步完善和司法实践操作中的统一化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Any notice is one of the most common form of reward advertisement, it travels through a variety of media, appear in the line of sight of people,known by the public.Any notice at the same time also has the force of law, any person in any Posting in the promise of compensation, make specific behavior, namely find lost property of the actor,after delivering to any other person the behavior results,thus a compensation claim.To this, our country is legally binding on any announcement that the legislation phenomenon,also is not perfect,just in the law of the People’s Republic of China property law and article one hundred and twelve of the supreme people’s court about apply to < the contract law of the People’s Republic of China(2) > "the explanation of some issues of missing notice provisions in article 3 in any notice the lack of regulation of laws and regulations so that the equal subjects in the encounter between the compensation claims caused by any announcement for dispute, cannot use of existing laws and regulations to evaluate their own behavior,to predict the consequences of their actions.Legislative vacancy, also led to the different practices in the judicial practice.To this, it is necessary to further in-depth research in the field of any announcement.Any notice on the legal nature of belonging to one of the reward advertisement,while the latter on the legal nature, there are usually two kinds of theory views, one view for the said contract, contract is considered to be reward for advertising;Another into individual behavior that is said that advertising reward for set up the individual behavior.Two theories have their own advantages and disadvantages, and in the judicial practice in our country, is more inclined to contract said.In the overseas legislative cases, continental law system and Anglo-American law system have independent legal system, and in the view of definition of contract,offer and acceptance etc. In fact there are differences, so their more inclined to different theories.Most countries（regions) in continental legal system’s individual behavior,said in the Anglo-American law system, because of its definition for the contract is not so detailed as some countries（regions) in continental legal system and rigorous, so its on reward advertisement issue mainly through a single contract and contract of different types to solve.For a reward for the advertisement and complete a particular behavior in terms of offer and acceptance between the conductors of particularity, the Anglo-American law system through single contract in the form of a corresponding individual behavior says, because of Anglo-American law system itself is lack of the concept of individual behavior, thus will reward ads into the contractual relationship as a whole.In our country, due to the judicial practice and legislative trend, the contract says more mainstream.Therefore, from the Angle of the said contract, continue to the establishment of any announcement and come into force, any sign of the rights and obligations of the parties and the actor’s pay for further analysis.In addition, any notice there are some relevant system remains to be further perfect in the legislation,its respectively for any sign of release, cancellation system, any sign of remuneration system and any other notice is invalid when relief system, etc.In-depth analysis of the theory and will help to further perfect of legislation and judicial practice ofunification.更多还原