【作者】 王敏；

【导师】 马永庆；

【作者基本信息】 山东师范大学 ， 思想政治教育， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 社会公正作为人类向往和追求的理想道德主题,一直贯穿于人类社会发展史之中,可以说,人类文明史是一部追求社会公正的历史。从古至今,中西方一代又一代的思想家和理论家对社会公正进行了相关的理论构建和孜孜不倦的实践探索,为当今社会公正理论的完善和社会公正的具体实现提供了成果基础和重要借鉴。当前,在全球化的国际大背景下,我国改革开放不断深入,社会主义市场经济获得长足发展,社会公正问题成为我国面临的重大道德难题,引发了社会各界的普遍关注,成为学界研究的热点和重点问题。本文尝试在伦理学宏观研究视角的基础上,从道德需要的角度对社会公正问题进行进一步深化研究,探讨实现社会公正的新思路。道德需要视阈中的社会公正研究,首先从社会公正与道德需要的关系出发,两者的内在联系是将社会公正置于道德需要的视阈中进行研究的依据,即本文视角创新的依据。对道德需要的界定和社会公正内涵的把握是厘清道德需要与社会公正关系的提前,在此基础上,从道德需要的社会公正诉求以及社会公正的道德需要向度两个方面,对两者的内在联系进行了详细阐发,为道德需要视阈中的社会公正研究的进一步开展提供了内在依据和理论支撑。第二部分是对道德需要视阈中社会公正的特点及基本要求的具体阐述。该部分是道德需要视阈中的社会公正理论的集中论述,是全文的理论核心。结合道德需要的特点,归纳和演绎出道德需要视阈中社会公正的特点,即重义务表征、成果稳定性和范围广泛性。道德需要视阈中社会公正的特点和基本要求是存在内在联系的,不能离开道德需要视阈中社会公正的特点孤立地、抽象地概括社会公正的基本要求。因此,基于道德需要视阈中社会公正的特点,并结合道德需要的基本属性,可以归纳和演绎出社会公正的基本要求,即坚持道德权利与道德义务的统一,坚持道德内化与道德外化的统一,坚持自由选择与平等对待的统一。第一部分和第二部分都是对道德需要视阈中的社会公正理论的阐释和论证,增强了文章的理论说服力,为后文道德需要视阈中我国社会公正的实践探索提供了理论依据。第三部分作为理论的实践运用,对道德需要视阈中社会公正的具体实现进行了探讨,是本文研究的落脚点。任何源于实践的理论成果,都需要接受实践的检验,并在实践中不断完善,指导具体的社会实践活动。道德需要视阈中的社会公正理论不是抽象的、先验的,而是具体的和基于实践经验的,同样需要接受实践的检验,并服务于具体的社会实践活动。因此,该部分将道德需要视阈中社会公正的实现进行了具体化,探讨当前道德需要视阈中我国社会公正的实现。首先,根据我国的具体实际,围绕道德需要视阈中社会公正的特点和基本要求,对我国社会公正实现存在的问题及成因进行分析,为提高社会公正实现对策的针对性作准备。其次,基于道德需要视阈中社会公正的特点及基本要求,结合当前我国社会公正实现存在的问题及成因,总结了道德需要视阈中我国社会公正实现的方法论原则,即道德权利与道德义务相结合、坚持道德内化与道德外化相结合、他律机制与自律机制相结合、灌输机制与接受机制相结合的方法论原则,为实现社会公正提供方法论指导。最后,以道德需要视阈中的社会公正理论为指导,结合我国社会公正实现的问题及成因,以及我国社会公正实现的方法论原则,提出了道德需要视阈中我国社会公正实现的具体对策,主要有:营造公平的社会环境,为实现社会公正提供环境保障;完善道德赏罚机制,为实现社会公正提供制度支撑;加强社会公正教育,为实现社会公正提供实践主体;注重个体道德自律,为实现社会公正提供内在动力。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an ideally moral themes that human yearn and pursuit,social justice throughout the history of human society,and it can be said that the history of human civilization is the history of the pursuit of social justice.From ancient times to the present,theory and practice of social justice have been being diligently explored by generations of Western and Chinese thinker and theorist,which provides basic results and important experiences for today’s perfection of social justice theory and the realization of social justice.At present,under the background of international globalization,with deepening of China’s reform and opening up and further development of socialist market economy,social justice has become China’s major ethical dilemma,which has aroused extensive concern in community,and become the focus and emphasis of academic research.On the basis of macro perspective in ethics,social justice issues are be further studied from the perspective of moral needs so as to explore new ideas to achieve social justice in this article.Study on social justice in vision of moral needs,first of all,starts from the relation between social justice and moral need,the inner connection between them is the basis of the study of social justice in the versions of moral needs,which is the basis of the perspective innovation on this paper.The definition of moral needs and the grasp of connotation of social justice is the premise to clarify the relationship between moral needs and social justice.Based on that,analysis in detail on the relationship between social justice and moral needs from two angles that moral needs need social justice and social justice can’t do without moral needs,can provide internal evidence and theory support for further study on social justice in vision of moral needs.The second part is the specific elaboration of the characteristics and basic requirements of social justice in vision of moral needs.This part is the focus of the theory on social justice in vision of moral needs,and is the theoretical core in this paper.Combining the characteristics of moral needs,the characteristics of social justice in the vision of moral needs can be inducted and deducted,including paying attention to obligations,the stability of results and wide range.The characteristics and the basic requirements of social justice in the vision of moral needs,areintrinsically linked,and the basic requirements of social justice can not be summarized in an abstract way without the characteristics of social justice in the vision of moral needs.Therefore,based on the characteristics of social justice in the vision of moral needs and basic attributes of moral needs,basic requirements of social justice can be inducted and deducted,that is to say,adhering to unity of moral right and moral obligation,adhering to unity of moral internalization and moral externalization,and adhering to unity of free choice and equal treatment.The first part and the second part,as the explanation and reasoning of theory of social justice in the vision of moral needs,enhance the theoretical persuasive power,and provide a theoretical basis for practice and exploration of social justice in our country in the vision of moral needs in the later section.Part III,as the practical application of the theory,which discusses the implementation of the social justice in the vision of moral needs,is the foothold of this study.Any theory that comes from practice,need to accept the test of practice and be constantly improved in practice to guide specific social practice activities.Theory of social justice in the vision of moral needs is not abstract and the transcendental,but concrete and based on practical experience,and it also need to be under the test of practice and service specific social practice activity.Therefore,in this part,the realization of social justice in the vision of moral needs is discussed in our country.First,according to China’s specific conditions,around the characteristic and the basic requirements of social justice in the vision of needs,the problems and causes for the realization of social justice in our country are analyzed to improve the pertinence of implementation of social justice.Then,based on the characteristic and the basic requirements of social justice in the vision of needs and the problems and causes for the realization of social justice in our country,the methodological principles of the realization of social justice in the vision of moral needs in China are summarized to provide methodological guidance for the realization of social justice,such as the combination of moral rights and moral obligation,the combination of moral internalization and moral externalization,the combination of control mechanism and self-discipline mechanism,the combination of infusion mechanism and acceptance mechanism.Finally,guided by the theory of social justice in the vision of moral needs and based on the problems and causes for the realization of social justice and the methodological principles of the realization of social justice in China,the paper puts forward the concrete countermeasures to realize the social justice in thevision of moral needs in our country,including building a fair social environment to provide social security for social justice,perfecting moral reward and punishment mechanism to provide institutional support for the realization of social justice,strengthening the education of social justice to provide practical subjects for the realization of social justice,focusing on individual moral autonomy to provide internal motivation for the realization of social justice.更多还原