【作者】 覃燕；

【导师】 邵法焕；

【作者基本信息】 广西大学 ， 农业经济管理， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 针对因居住地生存环境恶劣,不具备就地扶贫开发条件的贫困人口,我国通过实行生态移民工程来解决他们生存发展过程中遇到的瓶颈问题。广西大化县属于滇桂黔石漠化集中连片特困地区,境内石漠化现象严重,贫困问题突出,人口、资源、环境、贫困等问题相互交织在一起是该地区的真实写照。只有通过实施生态移民工程,将贫困人口转移到资源条件较好以及环境承载能力较高的地区,才能更好地解决贫困人口的发展问题。笔者通过对广西大化县生态民族新城移民安置点进行调研,以问卷调查的形式获取第一手数据,为研究大化县生态移民可持续生计奠定基础。本文基于可持续生计分析框架,对广西大化县生态移民可持续生计问题进行研究:(1)首先,本文对生态移民搬迁前后生计资本进行定量比较分析,结果发现:搬迁后,除了物质资本水平得到提升,生态移民家庭在其他类型的生计资本上表现出了多元缺乏的现象;对生态移民生计能力现状和能力提升存在的问题进行分析,结果发现:搬迁之后,接受过技能培训的移民数量有限,移民生计能力提升不明显;以及对就业保障措施的现状及存在的问题进行分析,结果发现:政府促进生态移民就业的保障措施的作用还未得到有效地发挥。(2)其次,在分别论证生计资本、生计能力、就业保障措施与实现可持续生计关系的基础上,对广西大化县生态移民可持续生计进行评价,并总结大化县生态移民可持续生计存在的问题:配套设施建设不完善,影响移民生活水平;耕地资源利用不充分,不能为生态移民家庭带来收入;搬迁过程耗费大量的资金,不利于生态移民后续发展;非农技能培训进展缓慢,移民生计能力提升不明显;政府就业保障措施的作用尚未得到有效发挥;针对生态移民这一群体的就业保障措施较少。(3)最后,针对存在的问题,提出促进广西大化县生态移民可持续生计的建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 For those poor people who live in poor living environment of the residential area and do not have the conditions of poverty alleviation,our country has adopted the ecological resettlement project to solve the bottleneck problem in the process of their survival and development.Guangxi Dahua County belongs to Yunnan Guangxi Guizhou rocky concentrated destitute areas,where exists severe rocky desertification and poverty problems,the problems of population,resources,environment and poverty intertwine with each other is a true portrayal of the region.Only through the implementation of the ecological migration project,transferring the poor people to the areas with better resource conditions and environmental carrying capacity,will the problem of development of poor people be better solved.By the investigation of the resettlement location of the ecological ethnic new town in Dahua County of Guangxi Province,the author obtains the first-hand data in the form of questionnaire,which lays the foundation for the study of the sustainable livelihood of ecological immigrants in Dahua county.Based on the framework of sustainable livelihood analysis,this paper studies the sustainable livelihood of ecological immigrants in Dahua County,Guangxi.(1)First of all,this paper compares livelihood capital of ecological immigrants in a quantitative manner before and after the relocation,and finds out:after the relocation,the ecological immigrant families showed pluralistic lack of other types of livelihood capital except the improved material capital level;analyses status of livelihood capacity and problems in enhancing it,and finds out:after the relocation,limited number of receiving skills training of immigrants leads to livelihood capacity improving not obvious;analyses the status and problems of employment security measures,the results show that the function of government’s security measures to promote ecological immigrants employment has not been effectively exerted.(2)Secondly,on the basis of respectively demonstrating relations of livelihood capital,livelihood capacity,employment security measures and realization of sustainable livelihoods,the paper evaluates the sustainable livelihood of ecological immigrants in Dahua County of Guangxi,and then summarizes the problems existing in Dahua county immigrants realizing sustainable livelihood:the construction of supporting facilities is not complete,that affects living standard of immigrants;utilization of cultivated land resources is not sufficient,cultivated land resources cannot generate revenue for the ecological immigrant families;the relocation process spent a lot of money,which is not conducive to subsequent development of ecological immigrants;progress of non-agricultural skills is slow,enhancing of livelihood capacity of immigrants is not obvious;the role of employment security measures has not yet been effectively implemented;there are few employment security measures for the ecological immigrant group.(3)Finally,pointing at the existing problems,this paper puts forward some suggestions to promote realizing of sustainable livelihood of ecological immigrants in Dahua County of Guangxi.更多还原