【作者】 王晓峰；

【导师】 马光；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 法律硕士（非法学）（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 海洋垃圾污染问题作为全球环境保护的一项重要内容日益成为人类共同关注的热点话题。在过去的几十年里,国际社会也意识到了问题的重要性并积极采取了行动,但是从垃圾遍布的海洋现状来看,收效甚微,这与现存的国际治理机制本身的缺陷不无关系,与经济利益和海洋环境利益之间的冲突不无关系。可见,想要有效地解决海洋垃圾污染问题,不仅需要跳脱出单个主权国家的界限,更需要完善一系列履约保障机制;不仅需要从制度维度进行维护,更需要从本身的观念出发发展一条具有国际视野,配合完善的保障机制,具有普适性的可持续发展治理模式。文章主体部分分为五块内容,分别对应五个章节。第一章节的引言部分主要对笔者选择国际法视阈下的海洋垃圾污染问题这个议题作出解释,这也是本文选题的价值与意义所在。面对海洋垃圾这样一个全球性的环境问题,其关系着全人类的共同利益,本身所具有的弥漫性与跨界特性又让将希望局限于主权国家自我消化、各自治理的愿望成空,政府能力捉襟见肘。因此,在国际法的视阈下,构建海洋垃圾污染的国际治理体系,成为解决海洋垃圾污染问题的新视角,其理论与实践意义不言而喻。第二章节为海洋垃圾污染治理的理论基础。对海洋垃圾污染问题的现状与危害有一个初步的较为直观的概念是进一步解决问题的前提,同时也重申了本文选题的重要意义。这部分内容的重点是海洋垃圾污染治理国际法保护的缘起,这也为人们在面对海洋垃圾污染问题时优先运用国际法保护手段提供了理论支持。第三章节为海洋垃圾污染治理的国际法原则。在处理海洋垃圾污染问题时,无论是在预防警示还是在定纷止争的过程中直接援引这些原则都是毫无争议的。在海洋垃圾污染问题的事务处理中,通过国际法各项原则的运用来调整国家之间的跨界环境关系既节约了司法成本,同时施行的过程中相较于新规则阻力较小。第四章节也就是对策部分,作为解决实际问题的章节在整个硕士论文体系中显得尤为重要。首先,通过对人们开展海洋垃圾污染治理所需要达到的最终目标来分析海洋垃圾污染治理国际法保护的价值,从理论上对构建海洋垃圾污染治理的国际治理体系进行一个可行性分析。其次,通过海洋垃圾污染治理的现有规制及效果的分析研究让我们对当下海洋垃圾污染治理国际法体系进行一个反思与总结。第三,通过中日韩三国海洋垃圾污染治理区域合作现状,结合其他海域区域合作的途径,为构建海洋垃圾污染治理区域合作新模式提供实践范式。最后,通过确立国际治理的价值观与维护人类整体利益原则,完善遵守多边环境协定的国内法律体系,构建海洋垃圾污染治理区域合作新模式,成功构建海洋垃圾污染治理的国际治理体系。第五章节则是对整个论文体系的回顾与总结。既是对整篇文章架构的进一步梳理,同时也使得整个论文框架更为完整,内容更为充实,起到一个承上的作用。当然,想要彻底解决海洋垃圾污染问题,回归海洋生态环境最良好的状态仍然需要不断地论证与分析,将理论运用到实践,在充分认识到这个问题的重要性的同时实实在在地攻坚克难,解决问题,因而希望本篇论文可以起到一个抛砖引玉的作用,共同为解决海洋垃圾污染问题努力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Marine litter pollution problem as an important part of global environmental protection has increasingly become the hot topic which the mankind pays close attention to.In the past few decades,the international community has been aware of the importance of the problem and actively took action,but the effect is very little judging from the present situation that the litter all over the ocean.Why?Because there are defects in the existing international governance mechanism;Because there are conflicts between economic interests and the Marine environment.So,if we want to solve the problem of Marine litter pollution effectively,not only need to jump out the boundaries of a single sovereign state,more need to perfect a series of safeguard mechanism;Not only need to protect from the dimension of institution,but also develop the sustainable development management mode which is start from the concept of itself,have the international vision,matched with perfect safeguard mechanism.This thesis main body part is divided into five pieces of content,corresponding to the five chapters.The first chapter is mainly to explain the reason why I choose the issue that the Marine litter pollution problems under the perspective of international law.It also explains the value and meaning of this issue.Related with the common interests of mankind Marine,litter pollution problems is a global environment problem.This problem has the characteristics of diffuse and crossover.It is the hopeless that solve this problem only depend on respective sovereign states.Therefore,constructing a Marine litter pollution international governance system under the perspective of international law becomes the new perspective to solve the problem of Marine litter pollution.Its theoretical and practical significance is self-evident.The content of second chapter is theoretical basis for Marine litter pollution treatment.Having a preliminary more intuitive concept on Marine litter pollution present situation and the harm of the problem is the premise to solve the problem.This chapter also reiterates the significance of the paper selected topic.The origin of Marine litter pollution control by the international law is the focus of this content.It also provides the theoretical support for using international law to protect marine environment when we in the face of the Marine litter pollution problem.The third chapter introduces the principles of international law in the Marine litter pollution treatment.In dealing with Marine litter pollution,whether in the prevention of warning or setting dispute,there is no controversy to Cite these principles directly.In the process of dealing with Marine litter pollution problem,using principles of international law to adjust the transboundary environmental relations between countries saves the judicial cost.Compared to the new rules,it encounters less resistance.The fourth chapter is the countermeasure part.As a chapter to solve practical problems,it is particularly important in the whole system of master’s thesis.First of all,through analyzing the ultimate goal of Marine litter pollution governance,we can understand the value of international law in Marine litter pollution governance and conduct a feasibility analysis about constructing a international governance system of Marine litter pollution governance.Second,after analyzing the existing regulation and the effect of Marine litter pollution governance,we should make a reflection and summary on the current international Marine litter pollution governance system.Third,through realizing the present situation of regional cooperation between China,South Korea and Japan in Marine litter pollution governance and combining with the regional cooperation in other ways,we can provide a practical paradigm for Marine litter pollution control of regional cooperation.Finally,by establishing and perfecting the domestic legal system that observe multilateral environmental agreements,by building a new Marine litter pollution control regional cooperation mode and improving the Marine litter pollution governance international security mechanism,we can construct the international governance system of Marine litter pollution treatment,realize the system into practice.The fifth chapter is the review and summary of the whole paper.It not only tease out further the architecture of the whole thesis,but also make the whole thesis framework more complete,make Content more fulfilling,have the effect of a bearing.Of course,if we want to thoroughly solve the problem of Marine litter pollution,return to the most good state of the Marine ecological environment,it still need to constantly argumentation and analysis,to put theory into practice.It still need to actually overcome difficult,solve the problem while fully realize the importance of this problem.So I hope this paper can be the beginning of a conversation and make some effort to solve the problem of Marine litter pollution.更多还原