【作者】 唐婷；

【导师】 程虹；

【作者基本信息】 武汉大学 ， 宏观质量管理， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 丰富而低廉的劳动力曾为中国制造业在国际竞争中保持优势提供重要支撑,但是近年来却面临着劳动力成本持续上升的压力。劳动力成本的不断上升对企业行为、产业升级和经济可持续发展都产生了深刻影响。现有研究一般认为劳动力成本上升会"倒逼"企业创新,劳动力成本的增长虽然增加了企业生产的成本,但会促使企业采取创新行为,提高竞争力,从而达到"创造性破坏"的阶段。从理论角度上看,新古典的经济学、熊彼特的增长理论和内生增长理论对劳动力成本与创新的影响机制已有较多论述。然而,在当前中国劳动力成本迅速上涨的条件下,企业选择消极地或是积极地应对的案例都屡见不鲜,成为经济转型过程中引发讨论的两种完全相反的现象。从企业本身内部异质性特征出发,企业规模的不同导致了企业在面临成本上升压力时的应对能力不一,在创新理论的系统研究中,企业规模对创新活动具有重要影响。因此,本文研究的问题是企业规模在劳动力成本上升影响企业创新的过程中发挥了何种作用,并探析其原因。本文基于中国企业—劳动力匹配调查(CEES)数据,对劳动力成本上升背景下不同规模企业创新行为的变化进行了大样本的实证研究。将企业研发强度和新产品销售额作为企业创新的代理变量,研究发现劳动力成本上升对于企业创新投入存在显著的负向激励作用,对企业新产品创新具有显著的"倒逼"效应,但加入企业规模和劳动力成本的交互项后,发现企业规模显著降低了劳动力成本上升对企业创新的不利影响,随着企业规模的扩大,劳动力成本上升对企业创新的"倒逼"效应逐渐增强,也即企业规模具有显著的调节作用。在稳健性检验和内生性问题的讨论中,企业规模的正向调节作用也十分显著。论文进一步分析认为,之所以劳动力成本上升对企业创新行为的影响在不同规模企业之间存在明显差异,创新活动的规模经济性、创新的技能偏向性和劳动力成本上升的技能分化是其产生的重要机制。对于中小企业而言,创新资金基础薄弱、技能劳动力积累不足和劳动力成本上升幅度快是造成其难以通过企业创新活动有效对冲劳动力成本上升压力的重要原因。据此,论文从政府政策层面对大型企业和中小企业如何在劳动力成本持续上升情况下提升创新能力提出了一些建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The abundant and cheap labor resources have been one of the advantages of China’s manufacturing industry in the international economic competition.The continuous rise of labor costs has a profound impact on corporate behavior,industrial upgrading and sustainable economic development.The existing literature suggests that rising labor costs can promote the innovation behavior of enterprises,rising labor costs despite an increase in production costs,but will encourage enterprises to adopt innovative behavior,improve competitiveness,so as to achieve the "creative destruction" stage.From a theoretical point of view,neoclassical economics,Schumpeter’s growth theory and endogenous economic growth theory on labor costs and enterprise innovation mechanism has been discussed.However,deep into the reality of China’s rising labor costs,it is often seen that two completely opposite phenomenon discussed in the process of economic transformation,which firms to choose the negative or positive response to deal with.Based on the characteristics of internal heterogeneity,the difference in the scale of the enterprise led to the ability to deal with the pressure of rising costs are different,in the systematic study of innovation theory,the scale of enterprises has an important impact on innovation activities.Based on the strictly stratified random sampling "China employer-employee survey"(CEES),the influence of heterogeneity of rising labor costs in different scale enterprise innovation behavior under the background of empirical study.The R and D strength and new product sales as a proxy for the enterprise’s innovation,research found that rising labor costs for the investment of innovation has significant negative incentive effects of enterprise new product innovation has a significant "forced" effect,but the enterprise scale and labor costs of the interaction,found that the scale of enterprises decreased significantly rising labor costs and adverse impact on the enterprise’s innovation,with the expansion of business scale,rising labor costs to the enterprise innovation "forced" effect is gradually increasing,the enterprise scale has significant moderating effect.The further analysis shows that the rising labor costs impact on enterprise innovation behavior has obvious difference among different scale enterprises,economies of scale,innovation skill skills differentiated and rising labor costs is an important mechanism for its formation,for small and medium-sized enterprises,innovation fund foundation is weak,lack of accumulation of skilled labor and labor costs is it difficult to rise quickly caused by an important reason for enterprise innovation activities effectively hedge against rising labor costs pressures.Accordingly,the dissertation puts forward some policy suggestions on how to improve the innovation ability of large enterprises,small and medium-sized enterprises and the government in the case of rising labor costs.更多还原