【作者】 刘宝林；

【导师】 王清岩；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 地质工程， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 液动冲击回转钻进技术是一种先进、高效与经济的钻进工艺。尤其是在钻进硬岩打滑地层时,它可以称作是一把“尖刀利刃”。近年来,我国经济的快速发展和城镇交通道路的大力建设,伴随着资源的加速消耗。液动冲击器成为资源勘探开采和城镇交通道路的桩基、锚固孔的施工中的必备工具,并在使用过程中产生了巨大的经济与社会效益。为提高硬岩打滑地层的钻探效率,设计了一种阀式液动冲击器,该冲击器在冲击阶段形成差动回路,并与泥浆泵并联一个蓄能器,以提高冲击器的冲击末速度,提高能量利用率。冲击器以清水作为驱动循环介质,钻井成本低廉,对环境污染小。该冲击器以滑阀的往复运动控制作动器上下腔体的配流,来控制冲锤活塞的冲程和回程运动。与此同时,冲锤活塞运动到不同位置,其下台阶控制滑阀下腔体在高低压间切换,从而控制滑阀阀芯的往复运动。为确定冲击器的结构尺寸、动力学特性和位置反馈机理。首先采用STAR-CCM+软件对滑阀阀芯分别处于上下为做了稳态CFD分析,研究阀芯的受力情况。采用AMESim软件分别建立滑阀的上下行动态仿真模型,研究活塞在不同流量和不同结构尺寸下的动力学特性和切换时间。对阀芯的切换做正交试验分析,确定滑阀上下行切换时间最短的最优参数组合,并确定影响阀芯切换时间因素优先级。根据冲击器的工作原理建立系统仿真模型,并根据已确定的结构尺寸和位置尺寸设置模型参数,分析冲击系统中滑阀和冲锤活塞的速度、位移随时间的变化规律,滑阀下腔体压力、流量随活塞运动位置的变化规律,作动器上下腔体压力流量随着活塞位置的变化规律。最后,调节系统仿真模型中活塞的质量、泵量、活塞的上杆直径以及缸体上F、E孔间距,研究冲击器冲击末速度和冲击器频率的变化规律。滑阀内部流域的CFD稳态分析证明了滑阀在a出口1Bar的背压下能稳定停靠于上下位;通过滑阀的动态仿真分析确定了在设定的滑阀结构参数范围内,阀芯上杆直径对滑阀的上行切换时间影响最大,阀芯质量对滑阀的上行切换时间影响最小;滑阀行程对滑阀的下行切换时间影响最大,阀芯上杆径影响最小,并分别确定出滑阀上下行时间最短的最优参数组合。此外,还得到了滑阀上下行切换时间随着泵量、a出口背压、阀芯上杆径、阀芯质量、阻尼孔g直径和阀芯行程变化的变化规律。冲击系统的动态仿真分析得出活塞的速度、位移、各腔体压力流量的变化规律;此外,还通过单因素分析法得出了冲击末速度、冲击功、冲击频率和冲击行程随着泵量、活塞质量、活塞上杆径和F、E孔间距变化的变化规律。更多还原

【Abstract】 Hydraulic percussion and rotary drilling is an advanced,efficient and economical drilling technology.Especially when used to drill hard and slipped bedrock,it can be regarded as a "sharp knife".In recent years,the rapid development of China’s economy and widely construction of urban traffic roads,have led to accelerated consumption of resources.Hydraulic impactor has become a necessary tool in resource exploration,pile foundation and anchor downhole drilling which has produced enormous economic and social benefits.In order to improve the drilling efficiency in hard and slipped bedrock,a valve-type hydraulic impactor was designed,which could form differential circuit during percussion stage.The mud pump is paralleled with an accumulator to improve the impacting velocity and energy utilization rate.Water is used as the driving circulation medium,so the drilling cost is lower,and it is also environmental friendly.This water-powered impactor controls the flow distribution of the upper and lower cavity of the actuator by the reciprocating motion of the slide valve to control the motion of piston.At the same time,the piston moves to different location,and its lower bench controls the pressure of lower cavity of slide valve,so as to control the reciprocating movement of spool.To determine the structure dimension,dynamic characteristics and position feedback mechanism of the impactor,first of all,STAR-CCM+ is used to do the steady-state CFD analysis of the slide valve when the spool is at the upper and lower position to study the force of the piston.The dynamic simulation model of the slide valve is established with AMESim to study the dynamic characteristics and the switching time of the spool under different flow rate and different sizes.The orthogonal test analysis are done to determine the optimal combination parameters of the slide valve at the shortest switch time,and the priority of the influencing factors on the switch time of valve element.Besides,the system simulation model is established based on the working principle of the water-powered hammer,and the solver parameters are set depend on the identified structure size and location dimension.According to the analysis of the impact system,the change regulation of velocity and displacement with time of spool and piston could be determined,and change regulation of the cavity pressure and flow rate of slide valve and actuator with the position of the piston also could be obtained.At last,the quality of the piston,the amount of the pump,the diameter of the piston rod and the spacing between the F and E channels in the simulation model of the system are adjusted,to research the change regulations of impact velocity and impact frequency of the water-powered hammer.The spool can stabilize at the upper and lower point of slide valve based on the CFD analysis when the export pressure is 1Bar.According to the dynamic simulation analysis of the up and down switch of spool in certain range of parameters,the upper rod diameter of the spool has the greatest effect on the upward switch time of spool,and the mass of the spool has minimum effect on the upward switch time of spool.The spool stroke has the greatest effect on the downward switch time of spool,the upper spool diameter has minimum effect on the downward switch time of spool.Besides,the optimal combination parameters of slide valve under the shortest time slide have been determined.In addition,the change regulation of the upper and lower switch time of the slide valve is obtained with the change of the pump volume,the export pressure,the upper spool rod diameter,the spool mass,the diameter of the damping hole marked “g” and the spool stroke.The velocity,displacement of the piston and the pressure and flow rate change regulation of the control chamber was determined based on the dynamic simulation analysis of impact system.In addition,the change regulation of impact velocity,impact power,impact frequency and impact stroke with the flow rate,piston mass,upper-piston rod diameter and the spacing between E and F control channel has determined by adapting single factor analysis.更多还原