【作者】 孙琳；

【导师】 王军明；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 法律硕士（专业学位）， 2017， 硕士

【摘要】 党的十八大以来,以习近平总书记为代表的党中央高度重视反腐败工作,不断加强对于职务犯罪的打击力度,“老虎苍蝇一起打”已然成为人民群众街谈巷议的热门话题。作为党和国家反腐败工作的排头兵,拥有职务犯罪侦查权的检察机关一直以来都致力于严肃查办各类职务犯罪案件。而在贿赂类案件的查办中,作为对合犯罪同时存在的受贿罪与行贿罪却享受着“不同待遇”:全国检察机关职务犯罪侦查部门每年查办的受贿案件的数量往往是行贿案件的数倍,并且在为数不多的被查办的行贿罪犯中仅有部分罪犯最终受到了法律应有的制裁。这与过去整个社会更多地注意受贿犯罪的严重性而忽视行贿犯罪的危害不无关系,而这种观念也使得检察机关在查办行贿犯罪时进退维谷。随着反腐败工作的日益深入,刑事立法以及司法实践中已然认识到了行贿犯罪的危害性,认识到对于行贿犯罪的打击力度不够,因此已经有意识地试图改变过去“侦破受贿为主、查办行贿为辅”的办案观念,意在形成“受贿行贿并重”的办案观念。但通过实践反馈的结果来看,收效不大,成果不甚明显。凡事有因才有果,行贿犯罪正是受贿犯罪的重要起因之一,只有依法查办行贿犯罪,才能有助于受贿犯罪的查办,才能真正实现反腐败工作的目的和意义。近年来,检察机关通过司法解释、开展打击行贿犯罪专项行动等方式在不断加大对于行贿犯罪的打击力度,也取得了一定成绩,但是仍旧远远不能符合当前反腐败斗争的要求。本文以检察机关查办行贿罪为视角,立足于职务犯罪侦查的工作实践,旨在通过分析目前我国检察机关侦查实践中对于行贿罪打击不力的现状,探究立法上和司法上试图改变目前的困境却又收效甚微的原因,并提供一些立法层面的修改建议以及改进侦查实践工作的建议,希望对于打击行贿、惩治腐败有所助益。文章开宗明义,简述了选题背景、原因以及研究意义。而后剖析了检察机关查办行贿罪不力的现状:通过对2013年以来全国检察机关查办职务犯罪案件的一些数据,分析了数据背后反映的问题,以及检察机关查办行贿案件的侦查实践中的困境,阐述了目前的问题——检察机关查办行贿案件的数量远远低于作为对合犯罪的受贿案件数量,并且最终受到法律制裁的受贿案件数量更少,侦查手段有限难以应付当前隐蔽复杂的行贿方式,侦查过程中又过于依赖口供。针对前述现状,分析了检察机关查办行贿罪陷入困境的原因:原因分为两类,即立法层面和侦查实践方面。其中,立法层面的原因是根本原因,立法层面的问题不解决,当前的现状就不能得到根本性的改变,但这并非主要原因,侦查实践方面的原因才是主要原因,只要检察机关在侦查实践方面能够有所改进,必定能极大地改变当前进退维谷的处境。而后探讨了解决问题的对策:从立法层面来看,建议完善行贿罪以及其他贿赂类犯罪的法律规定,尽可能避免法律规定的空白地带,给不法分子可趁之机,同时关于“不正当利益”这一入罪要素,建议谨慎考虑之后改为加重处罚情节。从司法实践层面来看,必须切实转变办案观念,并且重视侦查实践的改进,同时要注意刑事程序的整体性,侦查工作要配合后续的诉讼程序。最后总结了全文:当前检察机关查办行贿案件确实存在一定的问题,但只要立法层面加以重视,司法实践中积极应对,切实改进现有问题并且扎实推进行贿案件查办,一定能够扭转当前局面,为反腐败斗争做出贡献。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since the eighteenth congress,the central committee of CPC,with the General Secretary Xi Jinping as the core leader,keeps attaching great importance to the anti-corruption work,continuously strengthens the crackdown upon crimes by taking advantage of duty so that “Cracking Down On Both Tigers and Flies” has become a hot topic among the people everywhere.As the anti-corruption vanguard of CPC and PRC,the procuratorates,in charge of anti-corruption investigations,endeavor to executing detections on all kinds of duty crimes.However,the investigations on bribery and bribes-taking,which are theoretically considered as “symmetrical crime”,turns out to be in imbalance.As the national statistics shows,the yearly number of bribes-taking cases investigated by the procuratorates is several times bigger than that of bribery cases,even only a small part of which are eventually were given guilty verdict.It is believed that this unreasonable reality partially resulted from the people’s preferential emphasis on severity of bribes-taking than that of bribery,which logically made the procuratorates often find themselves trapped in dilemma during the investigations.As the anti-corruption work stepped forward,the legal legislation and the judicial practice have waken to the hazard of bribery and the weakness of crackdown on it,so as to try to get away from the outdated idea of “Bribes-taking the fist,Bribery the second” into “equal attention to both”.However,seeing the accumulated feedback from the actual practices,this endeavor has not got the expected change.Everything that happens has a cause and an effect,while Bribery is exactly among the causes of bribes-taking.It is believed in this thesis that only by the impelling crackdown on the bribery according to the law could the bribes-taking be effectively dealt with and the anti-corruption work realize its ultimate aim.In recent years,through implementing new legal explanations and employing special actions to curb bribery,the procuratorates keep strengthening the detection to bribery and indeed has gotten certain achievements,but the actual result stills has a long way to go to meet the whole anti-corruption cause demands in a bigger picture.From the perspective of the regular investigation on bribery by the procuratorates,the author established this thesis on law enforcement practice,and following the analysis of the unsatisfactory status of the present anti-bribery work,tried to find out the causes for the predicament and the fairly disappointing effort in the field of legislature and judicature.In the end,some advice were put forward on law modification and improvement on investigations,which is expected to be conducive to the anti-corruption undertaking.At the very beginning,this thesis set forth the background,motive and significance of topic selection.Following that is the description of unsatisfactory status of the procuratorates’ investigations.The problems,reflected from the generalization of statistics since 2013,were disclosed.The portfolio of difficulties was exhibited,which includes the number imbalance between bribery and bribes-taking cases,the relatively rare bribery that were eventually convicted,the inadequate detection measures considering the concealment and complexity of prevailing bribery,and over-reliance upon the affidavit during the course of investigations.In the light of the situations mentioned above,this thesis took on with the analysis of causes for the procuratorates’ predicament which could be divided into two categories—legislature and judicial practice.The hard situations on present could not be fundamentally improved until the problems are solved in legislative field.Meanwhile,the key reason remains in the judicial practice,which means the material improvements in investigation practice are sure to help the procuratorates out of the present dilemma.What follows the analysis is the advice on possible countermeasures.In legislative layer,it was suggested to perfect the criminal articles on bribery and relative crimes,filling the blank that could be exploited by possible criminals.In the meantime,the criminalizing factor,“improper interests”,should be introduced,after thorough re-consideration,into aggravation of penalty.In practical layer,the general idea about investigation needs to be transformed,and the time schedule of detection approved.The integrity of the criminal process should be seriously taken into account while the investigation should intentionally work in with the following litigation process.In the end of this thesis is the conclusion,in which it is firmly believed that certain problems do exist besetting the procuratorates,but in the long run,if both the legislature and the judicial practice could make honest effort and fulfill solid crackdown on bribery,the present predicament would surely be overcome,with the assistance of which the entire anti-corruption cause would productively move forward.更多还原