【作者】 刘振；

【导师】 赵喆； 程遥；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 材料工程（专业学位）， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 氧化锆是作为新兴的一种生物陶瓷材料被应用于齿科,由于陶瓷脆硬的特性,目前的二氧化锆全瓷牙多是用计算机CAD/CAM技术制作完成的,全瓷牙的制备工艺复杂,且需要新引进相关设备,投资较大。若将三维喷印技术（Three Dimensional Printing,简称3DP）引入到氧化锆义齿的制造中,具有较好的经济和社会效益。该技术对陶瓷墨水有特殊的要求,因此实现喷墨打印的关键技术是喷墨打印用陶瓷墨水的制备。本论文采用滚轴式球磨和超声分散的方法,通过加入不同种类和含量的分散剂,得到最佳的分散剂浓度,然后通过加入不同种类的添加剂,得到了分散稳定性能较好的氧化锆陶瓷墨水。（1）在聚丙烯酸（PAA）、聚丙烯酸铵（PAA-NH₄）、聚乙二醇（PEG）、油酸（OA）、柠檬酸（CA）和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）六种不同的分散剂中,以聚丙烯酸铵的分散效果最佳,且该分散剂的最佳浓度为0.2wt%（相对墨水中氧化锆粉体的质量而言）。（2）在墨水的流变性能方面,墨水的粘度随剪切速率的增加而减小,当剪切速率达到一定值后,墨水的粘度转而随着剪切速率的增加而增加。（3）固相含量的增加、分散剂的浓度的变化以及助剂的添加均会造成墨水粘度曲线上剪切增稠起始剪切速率后移,剪切增稠的后移可以使得墨水在较高的剪切速率下具有较小的粘度值,更利于陶瓷墨水的打印。（4）在乙二醇（EG）、二乙二醇（DEG）和三羟甲基丙烷（TMP）三种添加剂中,EG会使墨水的粘度与温度关系发生改变,即当温度超过一定值后,墨水的粘度随温度的升高而增大,利用该墨水的这种特性,通过加热打印基底,使得墨滴到达基底后粘度迅速的升高,这样就减弱了颗粒的流动,从而在理论上可以减弱咖啡环效应。（5）在墨水的打印和机械性能方面,较低固相含量的墨水可以正常的打印,但墨滴在基底上的位置呈不规则性,但多层打印效果较好。通过石膏成型制备的陶瓷块结构很致密,但是固相含量的增加会导致弯曲强度稍微地减小。更多还原

【Abstract】 Zirconia ceramic,as a new biological ceramic material,is applied to restorative dentistry.But it is difficult to process it in precision because of its hardness and brittleness,the requirements of the manufacturability of 3Y-TZP dental restorations were successfully fulfilled after the introduction of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing（CAD/CAM）technology to the field of restorative dentistry.This is a complex process,which is not very suitable to produce dental restorations,and this can result in a considerable amount of wasted valuable raw material.If the three dimensional printing（3DP）technology is introduced into the production of 3Y-TZP dental restorations,it has better economic and social benefits.The inkjet printing technology is the key of the preparation of ceramic ink,owing to its particularity.In this paper,we have obtained a better ceramic ink by using different dispersants and different additives,and by using a planetary ball mill.（1）The experimental results of this study show that: in six different dispersing agents,ammonium polyacrylate（PAA-NH₄）has the best dispersing effect,and the zeta potential of inks at pH=10.5 increases with increasing the content of PAA-NH₄ to0.2wt%,and then the zeta potential maintain the same level with increasing the amount of dispersant.（2）The viscosity of the ink decreases as the shear rate rises,and when the shear rate is higher than γ0,the viscosity turns to increases with the increase of shear rate.（3）The ink of 0.2wt% dispersant has the lowest viscosity,and the viscosity increases as increasing or lowering the content of dispersant.And the increase of solid content and the addition of additives could also make the critical value of shear rate γ0rise,which makes the viscosity of the ink lower than the one of original ink at relatively high shear rate.（4）As temperature increases,the viscosity of the ink without any additives decreases,so do the inks with diethylene glycol（DEG）and 10wt% 1,1,1-Tris（hydroxymethyl）propane（TMP）.Notably,ethylene glycol（EG）and 5wt% TMP could change the relationship of the viscosity and temperature,when the temperature reaches about 50 degrees Celsius,the viscosity of the ink increases with temperaturerise.And in theory,this characteristic of the ink with EG could be used to weaken the Coffee Ring Effect by heating the substrate to higher than 50℃,which could weaken the particle flow.（5）Inks with low solid content can be printed,but the random arrangement of the droplets on substrate could be observed,and the print qualities of multi-printing of the ink were better.The zirconia ceramic prepared by plaster mould show not only compact structure,but also relatively high bending strength,which decreases with the increase of solid content.更多还原