【作者】 吴瑞；

【导师】 黄战华；

【作者基本信息】 天津大学 ， 光学工程， 2016， 硕士

【摘要】 物质的目标特性等精细化识别中,要求光谱仪具有高分辨率和宽光谱工作范围。宽光谱高分辨率光路对探测系统的灵敏度、分辨率、动态范围、信噪比等提出了更高的要求,一般的探测系统无法满足。本文针对宽光谱范围高分辨率的中阶梯光栅-棱镜交叉色散光路对二维光谱的探测需求,分析了探测器与光路系统的匹配关系,设计了具有高灵敏度、低噪声等特点的二维光谱探测系统。本论文主要完成了以下工作:（1）根据光谱的探测需求,完成了光谱信号探测系统的总体方案设计:包括总体探测器的选型原则、单元功能设计、主要技术参数、光学系统的匹配要求等。（2）完成了探测系统硬件设计与调试:硬件电路系统主要包括主控单元、探测器驱动单元、信号处理单元、数据存储单元以及数据传输单元等主要模块。在信号处理单元,为了消除噪声,本文提出了时序相关双采样方法,该方法具有精度高、动态范围大等的优点。（3）完成了探测系统软件设计与调试:探测系统的软件包括上位机软件和下位机软件,两者相互配合,实现了人机交互控制。上位机软件是在Visual Studio平台上开发的,主要功能有:发送控制命令、接收处理数据、存储数据、成像以及图像处理等。下位机软件是在USB固件编程框架的基础上完成的,其主要作用是接收上位机的控制命令并执行,达到控制硬件电路系统的目的。（4）根据二维谱图产生原理,完成了一种谱图标定算法:CCD探测到的谱图与理想谱图在位置和强度上有所偏差,本文提出了谱图标定算法,并完成了标定软件的编写。（5）进行实验,并分析结果:在白光和Hg光条件下分别进行实验,对测得的谱图进行分析与标定。实验结果表明,探测系统能够正确采集光谱图像。对实验数据进行分析,标定算法的精确度达到10^-5数量级。更多还原

【Abstract】 Spectrometer with broadband and high resolution is required in distinguishing fine objectives.Optical light path with broadband and high resolution has high demand for detecting systems in sensitivity,resolution,dynamic range,signal-noise ratio and so on,so common detecting systems can’t meet the demands.Based on the demands of echelle-prism cross-dispersion to detect the high-resolution and broadband-2D spectrogram,the relation between the detector and the optical system is analyzed,the design method of detecting the area spectrogram is given,and the 2D spectrogram detection system with high-resolution and low noise is designed in this thesis.The following work has been completed in this thesis:（1）Based on the detecting demands,the whole planWhen choosing detectors,the main parameters,such as spectral response,resolution of the detector and the size of the pixel,should be considered.（2）Design of hardware of the detecting systems and debugging are completed.The hardware system mainly includes a main control unit,a detector drive unit,a signal processing unit,a data storing unit and a data transmission unit.In the signal processing unit,timing correlated double sampling method is used to eliminate noise.This method features high precision,wide dynamic range,etc.（3）Design of the software and debugging is completed.The software of the system includes epigynous computer software and hypogynous computer software.The cooperation of them realizes human-computer interaction control.（4）A calibration to improve the precision of signal spots position is discussed.Deviation exists between the spectrogram detected by CCD and the ideal spectrogram.A calibration method is discussed to eliminate the deviation,and the calibration software is completed.（5）Experiments are conducted,and the data is analyzed.Conduct experiments with different light source,such as white light and Hg light,and analyze the data.The experiments shows the that the detecting systems can detect the spectrogram correctly,and the calibration method’s accuracy reaches 10^-5.更多还原